Can Sneezing While Eating Cause Food to Enter Lungs or Airways?

Sneezing issues?

Hello, Doctor Hong.
While I was eating, my nose suddenly became very itchy, and I sneezed halfway through my meal.
I felt like a grain of rice went down my throat, and some of it may have entered my nasal cavity.
Later, I coughed up some phlegm that contained bits of chicken.
When I used my tongue to feel my throat, it felt like there was something there, and after blowing my nose, I noticed a stringy substance that resembled meat.
Although my nose doesn't feel anything now, my throat still feels a bit strange, but I can't cough anything up—just foamy saliva.
I have to keep drinking water.

I would like to ask, when I sneezed, is it possible that some food went into my lungs or trachea? I'm worried that this might cause pneumonia or something similar.
Also, if my nose no longer feels like there's anything in it, does that mean there’s no issue? I'm concerned about any residual food causing inflammation.
Thank you, Doctor!

Yuki, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2020/03/28

Dr. Hong Yuanbin reply Internal Medicine

Hello, based on the symptoms you described, it seems to be a slight inflammation of the nasopharynx or oropharynx due to food irritation, rather than aspiration or aspiration pneumonia.
Humans have an epiglottis that helps prevent aspiration pneumonia.
Therefore, unless one is elderly and experiences degeneration of the epiglottis, the risk of aspiration pneumonia is low.
Thank you for your question.

Reply Date: 2020/03/28

More Info

Sneezing while eating can indeed lead to some unusual sensations and concerns, particularly regarding the potential for food to enter the lungs or airways. When you sneeze, the force of the expulsion of air can cause food particles to be propelled in various directions, which may lead to the sensation of food moving into the nasal passages or even the throat. However, the anatomy of the human body has mechanisms in place to prevent food from entering the lungs.

The epiglottis, a flap of cartilage located at the root of the tongue, plays a crucial role in directing food away from the trachea (windpipe) and towards the esophagus during swallowing. This reflex action is generally effective in preventing aspiration (the entry of food or liquid into the airways). In healthy individuals, the risk of food entering the lungs during a sneeze is minimal, especially if the person is not experiencing any underlying health issues that might compromise their swallowing reflex or airway protection.

In your case, it sounds like you experienced a combination of sneezing and the sensation of food moving inappropriately, which can be alarming. The fact that you felt food particles in your throat and noticed some mucus with what appeared to be food suggests that there may have been some irritation or minor reflux occurring. This is not uncommon, especially if you have a history of nasal congestion or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which can lead to increased mucus production and throat irritation.

If food does accidentally enter the nasal cavity during a sneeze, it typically does not pose a significant risk of aspiration into the lungs. The nasal passages are designed to filter and trap particles, and the cilia (tiny hair-like structures) in the respiratory tract help to move mucus and trapped particles out of the airways. However, if you experience persistent discomfort in your throat or if you develop symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, or fever, it would be wise to consult a healthcare professional. These could be signs of aspiration pneumonia or other complications.

To alleviate the discomfort you are experiencing in your throat, consider the following:
1. Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water can help soothe your throat and thin mucus, making it easier to clear.

2. Avoid Irritants: Stay away from smoke, strong odors, and other irritants that can exacerbate throat discomfort.

3. Monitor Symptoms: Keep an eye on any changes in your symptoms. If you notice worsening discomfort, difficulty breathing, or fever, seek medical attention promptly.

4. Consult a Specialist: If the sensation of food in your throat persists or if you frequently experience sneezing while eating, it may be beneficial to see an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist or a gastroenterologist for further evaluation.

In summary, while sneezing during meals can lead to some awkward moments and sensations, the body’s protective mechanisms are generally effective at preventing food from entering the lungs. However, if you have ongoing concerns or symptoms, it is always best to consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice and treatment options.

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