Fixed Black Spots in Vision: Causes and Concerns - Ophthalmology

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Hello! Thank you for your detailed inquiry regarding the fixed black spots in your vision and the associated symptoms you've been experiencing. Based on your description, it seems that you may be dealing with a few potential issues related to your eyes, particularly following the incident where you experienced pain and exposure to a chemical irritant (hypochlorous acid).


Understanding Your Symptoms
1. Fixed Black Spots: The presence of fixed black spots that move with your eye movements could be indicative of a condition known as "floaters." Floaters are typically caused by changes in the vitreous gel that fills the eye, which can become more noticeable with age or due to certain eye conditions. However, since you mentioned that these spots are fixed and do not move erratically, it raises a concern for other potential issues, such as retinal problems.

2. Pain and Chemical Exposure: The sudden pain you experienced could be related to a few factors. If the pain was acute and coincided with the chemical exposure, it might suggest irritation or even a mild chemical burn to the surface of the eye (cornea). This could lead to symptoms such as discomfort, light sensitivity (photophobia), and visual disturbances.

3. Flashes of Light: The occasional flashes of light you experience, especially in the evening, can be a sign of retinal traction or irritation. This phenomenon, known as "photopsia," can occur when the vitreous gel pulls on the retina, which may happen during vitreous detachment or other retinal conditions.


Potential Causes
Given your symptoms, here are some possible causes to consider:
- Vitreous Detachment: This is a common condition, especially in individuals with high myopia (nearsightedness) or those who have experienced trauma to the eye. It occurs when the vitreous gel separates from the retina, which can lead to floaters and flashes of light.

- Retinal Issues: If the vitreous gel pulls too hard on the retina, it can cause tears or even retinal detachment, which is a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention. Symptoms may include sudden onset of floaters, flashes of light, or a shadow over your vision.

- Chemical Irritation: The exposure to hypochlorous acid could have caused temporary irritation or inflammation of the eye, leading to discomfort and visual disturbances. If the irritation is significant, it could affect your vision temporarily.


Recommendations
1. Seek Medical Attention: It is crucial to have your eyes examined by an eye care professional as soon as possible. Given your symptoms, especially the fixed black spots and flashes of light, you should seek an eye examination that includes a dilated fundus exam to assess the retina and vitreous.

2. Monitor Symptoms: Keep track of any changes in your symptoms. If you experience an increase in the frequency of flashes, a sudden increase in floaters, or any loss of vision, seek immediate medical attention.

3. Avoid Eye Strain: While you are overseas, try to minimize activities that may strain your eyes, such as prolonged screen time, and ensure you are using proper lighting when reading or working.

4. Protect Your Eyes: If you are experiencing light sensitivity, consider wearing sunglasses when outdoors to protect your eyes from bright sunlight.


Conclusion
While it is understandable to feel anxious about your symptoms, especially being away from home, it is essential to prioritize your eye health. The combination of fixed black spots, light sensitivity, and occasional flashes warrants a thorough evaluation by an eye specialist. If you cannot find immediate care, consider reaching out to an eye clinic that specializes in retinal health, as they can provide the necessary assessments and interventions. Your vision is invaluable, and timely care can help prevent potential complications. Safe travels, and I hope you find the care you need soon!