Blood in Urine: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Hematuria, frequent urination, and urinary incontinence?

Hello Doctor: On the evening of April 3rd, I experienced hematuria and dysuria.
I visited a urologist on the morning of April 4th, and was diagnosed with a urinary tract infection.
I received the urinalysis report on April 8th.
After my outpatient visit on April 4th and taking the medication, I did not experience any further hematuria that day; however, I continued to have burning and painful sensations during urination, along with a feeling of incomplete bladder emptying.
I asked the doctor during the visit if this was normal, and was informed that these symptoms would improve as my condition improved.

On the morning of April 5th, I noticed significant lower back pain, but it resolved by the morning of April 6th.
During this time, I did not have a fever, but since April 4th, I have experienced persistent urinary incontinence.
Sometimes I leak urine during physical activities, and even when I consciously tighten my thighs, I still have incidents.
Each time before leaking, I feel the urge to urinate, but the amount is small, just a little bit each time, although the frequency throughout the day is quite high.

I would like to ask if this condition is due to the urinary tract infection, or if there are other issues I should be aware of? Additionally, what methods are available for improvement? Thank you for your response.

Niming, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2020/04/07

Dr. Li Xinyi reply Urology

Although bladder inflammation can present with symptoms like those you described, your condition seems quite severe.
It is important to return for follow-up appointments and treatment.
Antibiotic therapy should be adjusted based on the culture report.
Additionally, you should clearly inform your physician about any risks of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or your STI history.

Reply Date: 2020/04/07

More Info

Blood in urine, or hematuria, can be a concerning symptom that may indicate various underlying conditions. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options is crucial for effective management.

Causes of Blood in Urine
Hematuria can arise from several sources within the urinary tract, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, prostate, and urethra. Common causes include:
1. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Infections can lead to inflammation and irritation of the urinary tract, resulting in blood in the urine. Symptoms often include burning during urination, frequent urination, and a feeling of urgency.

2. Kidney Stones: Stones can cause bleeding as they move through the urinary tract. This may be accompanied by severe pain, often described as sharp or cramping.

3. Trauma: Injury to the kidneys or bladder can lead to hematuria. This is particularly relevant in cases of accidents or falls.

4. Glomerulonephritis: This is an inflammation of the kidney's filtering units, which can cause blood and protein to leak into the urine.

5. Tumors: Both benign and malignant tumors in the urinary tract can cause bleeding. While less common, it is important to rule out cancer, especially in individuals over 40 or with risk factors.

6. Medications: Certain medications, such as blood thinners, can increase the risk of bleeding.

7. Exercise-Induced Hematuria: Intense physical activity can sometimes lead to blood in the urine, often due to trauma to the bladder or kidneys.

Symptoms Associated with Hematuria
In addition to the presence of blood in the urine, individuals may experience:
- Pain or burning sensation during urination
- Frequent urination or urgency
- Abdominal or flank pain
- Nausea or vomiting (in cases of kidney stones)
- Fever (if an infection is present)

Diagnosis
To determine the cause of hematuria, healthcare providers typically perform a series of tests, including:
- Urinalysis: This test checks for the presence of red blood cells, white blood cells, and bacteria in the urine.

- Imaging Studies: Ultrasound, CT scans, or X-rays may be used to visualize the urinary tract and identify stones or tumors.

- Cystoscopy: A procedure that allows the doctor to look inside the bladder and urethra using a thin tube with a camera.

Treatment Options
Treatment for hematuria depends on the underlying cause:
1. Antibiotics: If a urinary tract infection is diagnosed, antibiotics are typically prescribed to clear the infection.

2. Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers may help alleviate discomfort associated with kidney stones or infections.

3. Surgical Intervention: In cases of significant kidney stones or tumors, surgical procedures may be necessary to remove the obstruction or growth.

4. Hydration: Increasing fluid intake can help flush out the urinary system and may assist in passing small stones.

5. Monitoring: In some cases, especially if the cause is benign or self-limiting, doctors may recommend monitoring the condition over time.

Conclusion
Blood in urine is a symptom that should not be ignored, as it can indicate a range of medical issues, from infections to more serious conditions. If you experience hematuria, especially if accompanied by pain, frequent urination, or other concerning symptoms, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve outcomes and alleviate discomfort. Always consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and treatment options based on your specific situation.

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