Infection Risks from Animal Handling and Wound Care

Infection issues

Hello Doctor: Last week, I handled a certain type of wild mammal that had been hunted in Hualien.
During the process of cutting the animal's carcass, I accidentally cut my hand with a knife.
The top layer of skin was lifted, but there was no significant wound (no bleeding).
After an assessment by the clinic doctor, it was determined that the injury was not serious.
However, I also have a wound on my hand caused by mosquito bites that has broken the skin.
I would like to ask if there is a risk of contracting rabies or other diseases from contact with the animal carcass (blood, bone marrow) during the cutting process.
I understand from my research that rabies is primarily transmitted through saliva from bites, but I am concerned about the risk of infection if my wound comes into contact with the blood of an infected animal.
Additionally, I would like to ask about tetanus.
If I have a bleeding wound from a brow grooming razor that has healed, should I still be concerned about infection?

j, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2020/05/18

Dr. Liao Yaopan reply Family Medicine

Hello, the Centers for Disease Control provides educational content on rabies.
The main transmission route is through bites from animals infected with rabies, as the virus is present in their saliva and can enter the human body through scratches, bites, or through skin wounds and mucous membranes.
Regarding the situation mentioned above, it is important to monitor for any other bacterial infections in the wound.
It is recommended to consult an infectious disease specialist for evaluation.
Online consultations do not equate to in-person medical visits and cannot provide diagnoses or treatment recommendations.
Changhua Hospital cares about your health.

Reply Date: 2020/05/18

More Info

When handling animals, especially wild ones, there are several infection risks that one must be aware of, particularly concerning zoonotic diseases such as rabies and tetanus. Your situation of cutting a wild mammal and sustaining a superficial cut while having pre-existing skin abrasions raises valid concerns about potential infections.

Rabies Risk Assessment
Rabies is primarily transmitted through the saliva of infected animals, typically via bites. The rabies virus is not commonly transmitted through blood or other bodily fluids, which means that the risk of contracting rabies through contact with the blood or bone marrow of an animal is significantly lower than through a bite or scratch that breaks the skin. However, if the animal was rabid, and if there were any open wounds on your hands that came into contact with the animal's blood, there is a theoretical risk, albeit a very low one.

In your case, since you mentioned that the cut was superficial and there was no visible bleeding, the risk of rabies transmission is minimal. Nonetheless, it is crucial to monitor for any signs of infection or unusual symptoms. If the animal you handled was known to be rabid or if you have any doubts about its health status, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider about the need for rabies vaccination.

Other Zoonotic Diseases
Handling wild animals can expose you to various pathogens, including bacteria and viruses that may not be as well-known as rabies. For example, leptospirosis, hantavirus, and tularemia are some diseases that can be transmitted through contact with animal tissues or fluids. If the animal was sick, there could be a risk of exposure to these pathogens.

Tetanus Considerations
Regarding your concern about tetanus, this bacterial infection is caused by Clostridium tetani, which can enter the body through wounds, especially deep puncture wounds or cuts contaminated with soil, dust, or animal feces. Even though your wound from the eyebrow razor has healed, it is essential to ensure that your tetanus vaccinations are up to date. The CDC recommends that adults receive a tetanus booster every ten years, or sooner if they sustain a dirty or deep wound.

If you have not had a tetanus booster in the last five years, it may be prudent to get one, especially since you have been handling animals and may be at a higher risk for injury.

Wound Care and Monitoring
For any wounds, proper care is crucial. Clean the wound thoroughly with soap and water, and apply an antiseptic. If you notice any signs of infection, such as increased redness, swelling, warmth, or pus, seek medical attention promptly.
In summary, while the risk of rabies from your described scenario is low, it is essential to remain vigilant for any symptoms and consult a healthcare professional if you have concerns. Additionally, ensure that your tetanus vaccinations are current, and practice good wound care to minimize the risk of infection. If you have further questions or experience any unusual symptoms, do not hesitate to reach out to your healthcare provider for personalized advice.

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