Effectiveness of Emergency Contraceptive Pills After Missed Dose

Emergency contraceptive pill

Long-term use of oral contraceptives for at least one to two years is noted.
The last menstrual period started on May 11, and the first oral contraceptive was taken on May 13.
After taking the pills continuously for seven days, unprotected intercourse occurred on May 22.
However, it was discovered that a dose was missed on May 21, and an additional pill was taken on the evening of May 22, resulting in a total of two pills taken that day.
Is it likely that this method was effective in preventing pregnancy?

Wendy, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2020/05/22

Dr. Cao Guotao reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Hello, it should be possible.
Wishing you good health.

Reply Date: 2020/05/22

More Info

When it comes to the effectiveness of emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) after a missed dose of regular birth control pills, there are several important factors to consider. Based on your situation, you have been using a regular birth control pill for an extended period, which is a positive factor in maintaining contraceptive effectiveness. However, missing a dose can complicate things.

Firstly, it's essential to understand how birth control pills work. They primarily prevent ovulation, and when taken consistently and correctly, they are highly effective at preventing pregnancy. However, missing a dose can lead to a drop in hormone levels, which may allow ovulation to occur. In your case, you missed a pill on May 21 and had unprotected intercourse on May 22. You took an extra pill on the night of May 22 to compensate for the missed dose.

The general recommendation for missed pills is as follows: if you miss one pill, you should take it as soon as you remember and continue with your regular schedule. If you miss two or more pills, the guidance may vary depending on the type of pill you are using (combination or progestin-only). Since you took an extra pill on the night of May 22, you may have mitigated some of the risk associated with the missed dose.

However, since you had unprotected intercourse shortly after missing a pill, there is still a risk of pregnancy. The effectiveness of ECPs, such as levonorgestrel or ulipristal acetate, is highest when taken as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse. If you are concerned about the possibility of pregnancy, it is advisable to consider taking an emergency contraceptive pill within 72 to 120 hours after the unprotected intercourse, depending on the type of ECP you choose.

In summary, while your long-term use of birth control pills provides a level of protection, missing a dose can increase the risk of ovulation and potential pregnancy. Taking an additional pill after missing one may help, but it does not guarantee that ovulation was prevented. If you are worried about the risk of pregnancy, taking an emergency contraceptive pill is a prudent option. Additionally, if you have any concerns or experience any unusual symptoms, it is always best to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice and guidance.
Lastly, after stopping birth control pills, it typically takes about one to two months for ovulation to resume, but this can vary from person to person. If you have further questions or concerns about your contraceptive methods or potential pregnancy, please reach out to a healthcare professional for assistance.

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