External Hemorrhoids: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment - Surgery

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External hemorrhoids, also known as external piles, are swollen veins located around the anus and lower rectum. They can be quite uncomfortable and are often associated with various symptoms, including pain, itching, and bleeding. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for external hemorrhoids is essential for effective management and relief.


Causes of External Hemorrhoids
The primary causes of external hemorrhoids include:
1. Straining During Bowel Movements: This is often due to constipation or diarrhea, which can lead to increased pressure in the veins of the rectum and anus.

2. Prolonged Sitting: Sitting for long periods, especially on the toilet, can increase pressure on the anal veins.

3. Pregnancy: The increased pressure from the growing uterus and hormonal changes can lead to the development of hemorrhoids.

4. Obesity: Excess weight can put additional pressure on the pelvic veins.

5. Heavy Lifting: Regularly lifting heavy objects can increase pressure in the anal area.

6. Age: As people age, the tissues supporting the veins in the rectum and anus can weaken.


Symptoms of External Hemorrhoids
Common symptoms associated with external hemorrhoids include:
- Pain or Discomfort: This is often exacerbated during bowel movements or when sitting.

- Itching or Irritation: The area around the anus may feel itchy or irritated.

- Swelling: There may be swelling around the anus.

- Bleeding: Bright red blood may appear on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl after a bowel movement.


Treatment Options
1. Home Remedies:
- Sitz Baths: Soaking the affected area in warm water for 10-15 minutes several times a day can help relieve discomfort.

- Cold Compresses: Applying ice packs to the area can reduce swelling and numb pain.

- Over-the-Counter Medications: Creams or ointments containing hydrocortisone or witch hazel can provide relief from itching and swelling.

2. Dietary Changes: Increasing fiber intake through fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help soften stools and reduce straining during bowel movements. Staying hydrated is also crucial.

3. Medical Treatments: If home remedies do not provide relief, a healthcare provider may recommend:
- Rubber Band Ligation: A procedure where a rubber band is placed around the base of the hemorrhoid to cut off blood supply, causing it to shrink.

- Sclerotherapy: A chemical solution is injected into the hemorrhoid to shrink it.

- Infrared Coagulation: A technique that uses infrared light to cut off blood supply to the hemorrhoid.

4. Surgery: In severe cases, surgical options such as hemorrhoidectomy (removal of hemorrhoids) may be necessary.


Is Bleeding Normal?
In your case, experiencing some bleeding after developing an external hemorrhoid is not uncommon, especially if you have been straining during bowel movements or if the hemorrhoid has become irritated. However, if the bleeding is significant, persistent, or accompanied by severe pain, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider. They can assess the situation to rule out other potential causes of bleeding, such as anal fissures or other gastrointestinal issues.


Conclusion
External hemorrhoids can be a painful and uncomfortable condition, but with appropriate care and treatment, symptoms can often be managed effectively. It is crucial to maintain a healthy diet, practice good bowel habits, and seek medical advice if symptoms persist or worsen. If you have any concerns about your symptoms or treatment options, do not hesitate to reach out to a healthcare professional for personalized advice and care.