Blood in Stool: Causes and What to Expect from a Colonoscopy - Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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Blood in the stool can be a concerning symptom, and understanding its potential causes is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment. Based on your description, it seems you have been experiencing fresh blood in your stool for the past two weeks, with bowel movements occurring every two to three days. Your doctor has identified the presence of hemorrhoids but did not observe a specific bleeding point, and has recommended a colonoscopy for further evaluation.


Possible Causes of Blood in Stool
1. Hemorrhoids: As your doctor mentioned, hemorrhoids are a common cause of bright red blood in the stool. They can cause bleeding during bowel movements, especially if there is straining involved. Hemorrhoids can be internal or external, and while they are often benign, they can cause discomfort and bleeding.

2. Anal Fissures: These are small tears in the lining of the anus, often caused by passing hard stools. They can lead to sharp pain and bleeding during bowel movements.

3. Diverticular Disease: Diverticulosis, which involves the formation of small pouches in the colon wall, can sometimes lead to diverticulitis, where these pouches become inflamed or infected, potentially causing bleeding.

4. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions like Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis can cause inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and blood in the stool.

5. Polyps or Colorectal Cancer: While less common, polyps (growths on the colon lining) can bleed, and some can develop into cancer over time. This is why a colonoscopy is important, especially if you are over 50 or have risk factors for colorectal cancer.

6. Gastrointestinal Infections: Certain infections can cause inflammation and bleeding in the intestines, leading to blood in the stool.


What to Expect from a Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is a procedure that allows a doctor to examine the inner lining of your colon and rectum using a flexible tube with a camera. It is typically performed under sedation, and the doctor can take biopsies or remove polyps if necessary.
- Preparation: You will need to follow specific dietary restrictions and take laxatives to clear your bowel before the procedure. This preparation is essential for a clear view of the colon.

- During the Procedure: You will be sedated, and the doctor will insert the colonoscope through the rectum. You may feel some pressure or cramping, but it should not be painful.

- Post-Procedure: After the colonoscopy, you will be monitored until the sedation wears off. It’s common to experience some bloating or gas, but serious complications are rare.


Breastfeeding Considerations
Regarding your concern about breastfeeding during a colonoscopy, it is generally safe to continue breastfeeding. However, the sedation used during the procedure may require a short waiting period before resuming breastfeeding. It’s best to discuss this with your healthcare provider, who can give you specific guidance based on the type of sedation used.


Conclusion
While hemorrhoids are a common cause of blood in the stool, it is essential to rule out other potential causes, including more serious conditions. The colonoscopy will provide valuable information to help determine the source of the bleeding. If you have any further concerns or experience worsening symptoms, such as increased bleeding, severe pain, or changes in bowel habits, you should contact your healthcare provider promptly. Remember, early diagnosis and treatment are key to managing any gastrointestinal issues effectively.