Emergency Contraceptive Pills and Delayed Menstruation: What to Know

Emergency contraception and delayed menstruation?

Hello, doctor.
Thank you for your response! I appreciate your hard work.
My menstrual cycle is 28-29 days, with a duration of about 7-8 days.
My last menstrual period started on August 23.
I had unprotected intercourse on September 7, but there was no ejaculation inside.
I took emergency contraception within 12 hours.
I experienced some bleeding a week later, and on September 26 (20 days after intercourse), I took a pregnancy test upon waking up, which showed one line.
I would like to know what the likelihood of pregnancy is in this situation.

Ann, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2020/09/29

Dr. Cao Guotao reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Hello, you should not be pregnant, so please don't worry.
Wishing you good health.

Reply Date: 2020/09/29

More Info

Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) are a crucial option for preventing unintended pregnancies after unprotected intercourse. They are most effective when taken as soon as possible after the event, ideally within 72 hours, but some types can be taken up to 5 days later. In your case, since you took the emergency contraceptive pill within 12 hours after unprotected intercourse, you significantly reduced your chances of becoming pregnant.

Your menstrual cycle is typically 28-29 days, and you mentioned that your last period started on August 23. Given that you had unprotected intercourse on September 7 and took the ECP shortly thereafter, the timing suggests that you were still within your fertile window, which can vary but generally occurs around the middle of your cycle. However, since you took the ECP, it is likely that it altered your hormonal levels, which can affect your menstrual cycle.

You noted that you experienced some bleeding a few days after taking the ECP. This bleeding is often referred to as "withdrawal bleeding," which can occur due to the hormonal changes induced by the emergency contraceptive pill. It is not the same as a regular menstrual period and can vary in timing and intensity.

As for the pregnancy test you took on September 26, which showed one line (indicating a negative result), it is important to consider the timing of the test. Pregnancy tests are most accurate when taken after a missed period. Since your next expected period would be around September 20-22, testing on September 26 is reasonable. A negative result at this time suggests that you are unlikely to be pregnant, especially given that you took the ECP.

However, it is essential to keep in mind that ECPs can cause some irregularities in your menstrual cycle. You may experience a delay in your next period, or it may arrive earlier or be lighter or heavier than usual. If your period does not arrive within a week of when it is expected, it would be advisable to take another pregnancy test or consult with your healthcare provider for further evaluation.

In summary, based on the information provided, the likelihood of pregnancy seems low due to the timely administration of the emergency contraceptive pill and the negative pregnancy test result. However, if you have any concerns or if your menstrual cycle does not return to normal, it is always best to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and guidance.

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