Emergency Contraceptive Pills: Pregnancy Risks and Side Effects

Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) pregnancy rate?

Last month, my menstrual cycle was irregular, and my period has not arrived yet (expected period was from 9/25 to 10/05).
I visited a gynecologist on 10/08, received injections and medication, and there were no signs of pregnancy or any issues found.
I had sexual intercourse on 09/21 and 10/05, using condoms, but also had unprotected intercourse with withdrawal a few seconds before ejaculation.
My phone indicates that my ovulation period is from 10/18 to 10/24, with the ovulation day being 10/23.
On 10/18, I had unprotected intercourse and took 1.5 mg of Levonorgestrel (Plan B) within two hours afterward.
I experienced side effects from the medication, including bloating, chest discomfort, and pain, but no vomiting.
I would like to know the chances of pregnancy...
?

Wu, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2020/10/19

Dr. Cao Guotao reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Hello, the chances of pregnancy should be low; just monitor the situation.
Wishing you good health.

Reply Date: 2020/10/19

More Info

Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs), such as the one you mentioned (likely referring to a brand like Plan B or Ella), are designed to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure. Understanding their effectiveness, potential side effects, and the risks associated with their use is crucial for making informed decisions regarding reproductive health.

Effectiveness of Emergency Contraceptive Pills
ECPs are most effective when taken as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse. The effectiveness diminishes the longer you wait, with the highest efficacy occurring within 72 hours (3 days) for most ECPs, although some formulations can be effective up to 120 hours (5 days) after intercourse. In your case, since you took the pill within two hours after intercourse, you maximized your chances of preventing pregnancy.

Understanding Pregnancy Risks
Given that you had unprotected intercourse and subsequently took ECPs, the likelihood of pregnancy is significantly reduced. However, it is essential to note that no contraceptive method is 100% effective. Factors such as the timing of your menstrual cycle, ovulation, and the specific circumstances of intercourse can influence the risk of pregnancy. Since you mentioned that your expected menstrual period is around September 25 to October 5 and that you have had irregular cycles, it is possible that your body is experiencing hormonal fluctuations, which can affect your cycle and lead to missed periods.

Side Effects of Emergency Contraceptive Pills
Common side effects of ECPs include:
- Nausea
- Fatigue
- Headaches
- Breast tenderness
- Changes in your menstrual cycle (such as early or delayed periods)
In your case, experiencing breast tenderness and discomfort is a known side effect of ECPs. These symptoms typically resolve within a few days. If you do not experience any severe side effects, such as heavy bleeding or severe abdominal pain, it is generally a sign that you are not experiencing any serious complications.

When to Take a Pregnancy Test
If your period does not arrive within three weeks of taking the ECP, it is advisable to take a pregnancy test. This will help confirm whether or not you are pregnant. If the test is positive, or if you have any concerns about your health or the effectiveness of the ECP, you should consult your healthcare provider for further guidance.

Conclusion
In summary, taking ECPs shortly after unprotected intercourse significantly reduces the risk of pregnancy. While side effects can occur, they are generally mild and temporary. If you have concerns about your menstrual cycle or potential pregnancy, it is best to consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice and support. They can provide further insights based on your medical history and current situation, ensuring that you receive the best care possible.

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