High Myopia: Risks, Treatments, and Eye Care Tips

Vision problems

Hello Dr.
He:
1.
I have high myopia, and I really don’t want to wear glasses for the rest of my life.
I haven't taken good care of my eyes since childhood.
2.
Why do I frequently have high intraocular pressure?
3.
My myopia is -10.00 diopters, and I've heard that people with high myopia have a significantly higher risk of developing early cataracts, glaucoma, retinal detachment, and macular degeneration compared to those without myopia.
The cost of glasses increases with higher prescriptions.
4.
Some people have suggested that I undergo laser surgery for myopia, but others advise against it, saying it only addresses the symptoms and does not provide a permanent solution.
There are also risks and potential side effects, and those with deeper prescriptions require more corneal tissue to be removed, necessitating a thicker cornea for the procedure.
5.
Why is it that my family members have mild myopia while I have severe myopia? I thought that since I am an adult and my eyes have fully developed, my prescription wouldn’t increase anymore.
Why do ophthalmologists say that adults can still experience an increase in myopia? My prescription has been increasing rapidly since I was in kindergarten.
6.
Dr.
He, are there any other methods to restore my highly myopic eyes to normal vision, as if I never had myopia?
7.
I feel really unfortunate, having lived for a long time unable to see the outside world clearly.
Swimming, bathing, and soaking in hot springs are very troublesome.
Without my glasses, I can’t see things clearly up close or at a distance.
8.
What types of intense sports or amusement park rides should people with high myopia avoid? What activities or rides are safe for those with high myopia?
9.
However, why do some people with high myopia or myopia find that practicing the three Bates principles of "relaxation, convergence, and movement" can eventually restore their vision to normal?
10.
Dr.
He, why did the ophthalmologist prescribe me Eyehelp EYE DROPS containing 0.01% Tropicamide, a short-acting mydriatic agent?
11.
I don’t want to develop presbyopia in the future.
12.
Why do some members of those original point therapy groups on Facebook claim that drinking diluted ginger soup can treat myopia and wash the eyes? I’m hesitant to try these methods because they say there are cases of people curing their myopia this way.
The eyes are the windows to the soul; who would dare to wash their eyes with diluted ginger soup to treat myopia?
13.
Dr.
He, if a person with high myopia could have an artificial lens implanted early, would they not need to wear glasses? I’ve heard it might be expensive out of pocket.
14.
Why do some people who have overused their eyes by watching TV, playing video games, and reading since childhood not develop myopia, while others do? Is there a genetic connection?
15.
What are the check-up items for high myopia every six months or annually, and what should I pay attention to?

Ms. Chen, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2020/12/18

Dr. He Jianxian reply Ophthalmology

Dear Ms.
Chen,
Most individuals do not experience significant increases in myopia after reaching adulthood; however, there are some exceptions, and you may be among this group.
This could explain the continuous increase in your myopic refractive error.
Once the axial length of the eye has increased due to myopia, there are essentially no methods available to restore the eye to its original normal state.
All clinically used methods cannot alter the axial length of the eye nor can they change the degenerative condition of the retina.

In fact, the sensation of elevated intraocular pressure you are experiencing is mostly due to eye strain and fatigue.
The medications prescribed by your ophthalmologist are intended to relax the eye muscles.
While replacing the natural lens with an artificial intraocular lens can eliminate the original refractive error, this only changes the optical conditions of the eye and does not alter its structural integrity.
If you have high myopia, it is recommended that you undergo a dilated retinal examination at least once a year.
Sincerely,
Dr.
He Jianxian, Department of Ophthalmology, Nantou Hospital

Reply Date: 2020/12/18

More Info

High myopia, also known as pathological myopia, is a significant concern for many individuals, particularly those who have experienced rapid progression of their refractive error. Understanding the risks, treatments, and eye care tips associated with high myopia is essential for maintaining eye health and preventing complications.

1. Risks Associated with High Myopia
Individuals with high myopia (typically defined as a refractive error greater than -6.00 diopters) are at an increased risk for several ocular conditions, including:
- Early Onset Cataracts: High myopia can lead to changes in the lens of the eye, increasing the likelihood of cataracts developing at a younger age.

- Glaucoma: Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is more common in myopic individuals, which can lead to glaucoma if not monitored and managed properly.

- Retinal Detachment: The elongation of the eyeball in high myopia can cause thinning and stretching of the retina, making it more susceptible to tears and detachment.

- Macular Degeneration: Myopic degeneration can occur, affecting the macula and leading to vision loss.

2. Treatment Options
While there is no definitive cure for high myopia, several treatment options can help manage the condition:
- Corrective Lenses: Glasses or contact lenses are the most common methods for correcting vision in myopic individuals.

- Refractive Surgery: Procedures such as LASIK or PRK can be considered, but they come with risks, especially for those with high degrees of myopia. It's crucial to consult with an experienced ophthalmologist to discuss the potential benefits and risks.

- Orthokeratology: This involves wearing specially designed contact lenses overnight to reshape the cornea temporarily, allowing for clear vision during the day without lenses.

- Phakic Intraocular Lenses (IOLs): For individuals who are not candidates for laser surgery, phakic IOLs can be implanted to correct vision.

3. Eye Care Tips
To maintain eye health and manage high myopia, consider the following tips:
- Regular Eye Exams: Frequent check-ups with an eye care professional are essential to monitor changes in vision and eye health.

- Protective Eyewear: Use sunglasses to protect against UV rays and reduce glare, which can strain the eyes.

- Limit Screen Time: Take regular breaks when using digital devices to reduce eye strain. The 20-20-20 rule is helpful: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds.

- Healthy Lifestyle: A balanced diet rich in vitamins A, C, and E, along with omega-3 fatty acids, can support eye health. Staying hydrated and maintaining a healthy weight are also beneficial.

4. Understanding Eye Pressure
Elevated eye pressure can be a concern for individuals with high myopia. Regular monitoring of intraocular pressure is crucial, as it can indicate potential glaucoma. If you experience fluctuations in eye pressure or symptoms like headaches or eye discomfort, consult your eye care provider for further evaluation.

5. Genetic Factors
The development of myopia is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. While some individuals may engage in extensive near work (like reading or screen time) and not develop myopia, others may have a genetic predisposition that makes them more susceptible. Family history plays a significant role in determining the likelihood of developing high myopia.

6. Addressing Concerns About Eye Drops and Treatments
Eye drops prescribed by your ophthalmologist, such as Tropicamide, are often used for dilating the pupils during examinations. They help the doctor assess the health of the retina and other structures within the eye. If you have concerns about any prescribed medications, it’s essential to discuss them with your eye care provider.

7. Future Considerations
For those considering surgical options like artificial intraocular lenses, it’s important to discuss the costs and potential outcomes with your ophthalmologist. While these procedures can reduce dependence on glasses, they also come with risks and may not be suitable for everyone.

In conclusion, managing high myopia involves a comprehensive approach that includes regular monitoring, appropriate corrective measures, and lifestyle adjustments. By staying informed and proactive about eye health, individuals with high myopia can significantly reduce their risk of complications and maintain a better quality of life.

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