Does Abdominal CT Scan Affect Male Fertility? Concerns and Insights

Will an abdominal CT scan cause male infertility?

Hello doctor, I recently underwent a non-contrast abdominal CT scan due to some examination factors.
The scan included the area around the testes, and I am planning to conceive a child.
I am concerned about any potential adverse effects, such as infertility or congenital abnormalities.
I worry that the X-ray radiation might cause mutations in sperm.
How long should I wait before proceeding with my pregnancy plans? Thank you!

Niming, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2021/01/26

Dr. Wang Yifen reply Radiology

Hello, a single abdominal CT scan has a radiation dose of approximately 8 millisieverts.
According to the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) report 103, doses below 100 millisieverts (including single or multiple exposures) do not cause clinically significant functional damage.
Following your doctor's advice to undergo radiation-related examinations is based on the consideration that the health benefits outweigh the radiation risks.
If you have concerns, it is recommended to communicate with your physician before proceeding with the examination.
Do not avoid tests out of fear of radiation, as this may lead to missed opportunities for disease treatment.

Regarding male infertility, according to educational information from the Mayo Clinic, which can be found at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infertility/symptoms-causes/syc-20354317, possible causes of male infertility include:
1.
Abnormal sperm production or function: This can be due to issues such as undescended testicles, genetic defects, health problems like diabetes, or infections caused by sexually transmitted diseases or HIV that affect sperm production or function.
Varicocele can also impact sperm quality.
2.
Sperm delivery problems, such as premature ejaculation; certain genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis; structural issues, such as testicular obstruction; or damage or injury to the reproductive organs.
3.
Excessive exposure to certain environmental factors, such as pesticides, certain chemicals, and radiation.
Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, drug use, anabolic steroids, and medications for bacterial infections, hypertension, and depression can also affect fertility.
Frequent exposure to high temperatures (for example, in hot steam baths or hot tubs) can raise body temperature and potentially impact sperm production.
4.
Damage related to cancer and its treatment, including radiation or chemotherapy.
Cancer treatment can sometimes severely impair sperm production.
If you are planning to conceive and meet the definition of infertility (couples who have engaged in frequent unprotected intercourse for at least a year without achieving pregnancy), it is advisable to consult a fertility specialist to explore potential causes.

Please refer to the above information, and I wish you good health and safety.

Reply Date: 2021/01/26

More Info

The concern regarding the impact of abdominal CT scans on male fertility is a valid one, especially for individuals planning to conceive. To address your question, it is important to understand the nature of the radiation involved in CT scans and its potential effects on reproductive health.

Firstly, a typical abdominal CT scan exposes the patient to a radiation dose of approximately 8 to 10 millisieverts (mSv). This level of radiation is considered relatively low in the context of medical imaging. According to the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), doses below 100 mSv are unlikely to cause any significant clinical harm. Therefore, a single abdominal CT scan, especially one that does not involve the use of contrast agents, is not expected to have a detrimental effect on male fertility.

The primary concern regarding radiation exposure and fertility revolves around the potential for DNA damage in sperm. Studies have shown that high doses of radiation can lead to mutations in sperm DNA, which could theoretically affect fertility or lead to congenital anomalies in offspring. However, the radiation dose from a single abdominal CT scan is significantly lower than the levels associated with such risks. The consensus in the medical community is that the risk of infertility or birth defects resulting from a single CT scan is minimal.

In terms of timing for conception after undergoing a CT scan, there is no established waiting period required before trying to conceive. The body has mechanisms to repair DNA damage, and the sperm production cycle in men is approximately 64 to 72 days. Therefore, if there were any potential effects from the radiation, they would likely be resolved within a few months. Most healthcare providers would not recommend delaying conception based solely on the occurrence of a CT scan.

It is also important to consider other factors that can affect male fertility, such as lifestyle choices (smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use), environmental exposures (pesticides, heavy metals), and medical conditions (hormonal imbalances, infections). If you have concerns about your fertility, it may be beneficial to consult with a fertility specialist who can provide a comprehensive evaluation and address any specific risks based on your medical history and lifestyle.

In summary, while it is natural to worry about the implications of medical imaging on fertility, the evidence suggests that a single abdominal CT scan poses a negligible risk to male reproductive health. You can proceed with your plans for conception without undue concern related to the CT scan. However, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and addressing any other potential fertility issues with a healthcare provider will further support your efforts to conceive.

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