Is Eating Hot Food Linked to Esophageal Cancer? the Risks

Frequent consumption of hot foods and esophageal cancer?

Hello, doctor.
Due to the short meal times at work, I often eat hot food quickly without allowing it to cool down sufficiently.
Over the years of this practice, although I haven't experienced the common symptom of esophageal cancer, which is difficulty swallowing, I do feel a sensation of something being stuck near my throat after taking pills or vitamins (tablet form).
I would like to ask you a few questions:
1) There are two extreme opinions online regarding the relationship between hot food and esophageal cancer: one side claims that consuming hot food can lead to esophageal cancer, while the other side argues that it does not necessarily cause it.
Which statement is more credible? Am I at risk of developing esophageal cancer due to frequently eating overly hot food?
2) Should I be concerned about the sensation of something being stuck when swallowing pills or vitamins (but interestingly, I do not experience this sensation while eating or drinking normally), and should I consider undergoing an endoscopy? Could this symptom be a precursor to esophageal cancer? Which specialty should I consult for this issue? Thank you!

Li Qun, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2021/02/04

Dr. Chen Shidian reply Gastroenterology and Hepatology

There is no scientific evidence that hot food is harmful.
If you have any symptoms of concern, it may be advisable to undergo an endoscopy to put your mind at ease.

Reply Date: 2021/02/04

More Info

Eating hot food has been a topic of discussion in relation to esophageal cancer, and your concerns are valid given the conflicting information available online. Let’s break down your questions and provide a comprehensive understanding based on current medical knowledge.

1) The Relationship Between Hot Food and Esophageal Cancer: Research has indicated that consuming very hot foods and beverages may be associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is part of the World Health Organization (WHO), has classified "very hot beverages" (above 65°C or 149°F) as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The theory is that the high temperature can cause thermal injury to the esophageal lining, leading to inflammation and potentially increasing the risk of cancer over time. However, it’s important to note that the evidence is not definitive, and many factors contribute to cancer risk, including genetics, lifestyle, and dietary habits.

On the other hand, some studies argue that the link is not strong enough to warrant significant concern for the average person. They suggest that while excessive consumption of hot foods might pose some risk, it is not the sole factor in developing esophageal cancer. Therefore, moderation and awareness of food temperature are key. If you frequently consume food that is excessively hot, it may be wise to allow it to cool slightly before eating to minimize any potential risk.

2) Symptoms of Difficulty Swallowing: The sensation of something being "stuck" in your throat after swallowing pills or vitamins, while not experienced during regular meals, can be concerning. This symptom, known as dysphagia, can arise from various causes, including esophageal irritation, inflammation, or even structural issues. While it is understandable to worry about the possibility of esophageal cancer, especially given your symptoms, it is crucial to approach this with a balanced perspective.

Dysphagia can be caused by benign conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), esophagitis, or even anxiety. However, if you are experiencing persistent difficulty swallowing, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional. A gastroenterologist would be the appropriate specialist to evaluate your symptoms. They may recommend diagnostic procedures such as an endoscopy to visualize the esophagus and rule out any serious conditions, including cancer.

In summary, while there is some evidence linking the consumption of very hot foods to an increased risk of esophageal cancer, the relationship is not fully established, and many other factors play a role in cancer development. It is wise to allow your food to cool before eating and to be mindful of any persistent symptoms, such as difficulty swallowing. Consulting a gastroenterologist can provide clarity and peace of mind regarding your symptoms and overall esophageal health. Remember, early detection and intervention are key in managing any potential health issues.

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