Types and Dosage of Emergency Contraceptive Pills in Gynecology - Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) are a crucial option for preventing unintended pregnancies after unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure. Understanding the types and dosages of these pills is essential for effective use. In the United States, there are primarily two types of emergency contraceptive pills: those containing levonorgestrel and those containing ulipristal acetate.

1. Levonorgestrel (Plan B One-Step and its generics): This is a progestin-only pill that is most effective when taken within 72 hours (3 days) after unprotected intercourse, but it can be taken up to 5 days after. The standard dosage is a single pill of 1.5 mg. If a woman takes it within the recommended time frame, it can reduce the risk of pregnancy by up to 89%. However, its effectiveness decreases the longer the wait after intercourse.

2. Ulipristal Acetate (Ella): This is a selective progesterone receptor modulator that can be taken up to 120 hours (5 days) after unprotected intercourse. The dosage is a single pill of 30 mg. Ulipristal is generally considered to be more effective than levonorgestrel, especially in the later days of the 5-day window.

Both types of ECPs work primarily by delaying ovulation. They may also alter the endometrium, making it less suitable for implantation, but they do not terminate an existing pregnancy. It’s important to note that ECPs are not intended for regular contraceptive use and should only be used as a backup method.

Regarding the specific pills you mentioned—two white pills and one pink pill—it's likely that the white pills are levonorgestrel (Plan B) and the pink pill could be ulipristal acetate (Ella) or another formulation. It’s crucial to follow the instructions provided by the pharmacist or on the packaging.
In terms of dosage and administration:
- Levonorgestrel: Take one 1.5 mg pill as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse. If you have a second dose (some formulations provide two 0.75 mg pills), take the second pill 12 hours after the first.

- Ulipristal Acetate: Take one 30 mg pill as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse, up to 5 days later.

There are no ECPs that require multiple doses in a single cycle; they are designed to be taken as a single dose. However, if you are unsure about the specific pills you have, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider or pharmacist for clarification.

In summary, emergency contraceptive pills are a safe and effective way to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex. Understanding the types, dosages, and timing of these medications is vital for their effectiveness. If you have further questions or concerns about their use, or if you experience any adverse effects, it is always best to consult with a healthcare professional.