Salivary Gland Inflammation: Causes and Treatments

Glandular inflammation

Three weeks ago, I experienced swelling of the salivary gland adjacent to my molars (the tip appeared leaf-shaped) along with an ulcer that was painful.
After using an oral ointment, the swelling decreased slightly but persisted.
A week later, during a visit to the clinic, the doctor advised me to take medication, stating that if the swelling did not subside, I would need to go to a larger hospital (upon palpation, the ulcer felt somewhat hard).
After taking anti-inflammatory medication, the swelling returned to normal size, but the small ulcer remained, though it was less painful (eating was also less painful).
Later, at the larger hospital, the doctor examined my mouth and said it was glandular inflammation, advising me to continue using the oral ointment.
However, after using it for four to five days, there has been little improvement.
Could you please advise what this might be? Thank you.

LIN, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2021/03/05

Dr. Li Jiaxuan reply Otolaryngology

It is recommended to arrange an ultrasound examination of the glands at the otolaryngology outpatient clinic and to perform an oral biopsy when necessary.
Wishing you well.

Reply Date: 2021/03/05

More Info

Salivary gland inflammation, also known as sialadenitis, can occur due to various causes, including infections, blockages, autoimmune diseases, and other factors. The symptoms you are experiencing, such as swelling of the salivary gland near your molars and the presence of ulcers, indicate that there may be an underlying issue that needs to be addressed.

Causes of Salivary Gland Inflammation
1. Infections: Bacterial infections, such as those caused by Staphylococcus aureus, can lead to inflammation and swelling of the salivary glands. Viral infections, like mumps, can also cause similar symptoms.

2. Blockages: Salivary stones (sialolithiasis) can form in the ducts of the salivary glands, leading to obstruction and inflammation. This can result in pain, swelling, and sometimes infection.

3. Autoimmune Disorders: Conditions like Sjögren's syndrome can cause chronic inflammation of the salivary glands, leading to symptoms such as dryness in the mouth and eyes, along with swelling.

4. Dehydration: Insufficient hydration can reduce saliva production, leading to inflammation and infection.

5. Medications: Certain medications can cause dry mouth, which may contribute to inflammation of the salivary glands.

Treatment Options
1. Medications: Anti-inflammatory medications, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can help reduce swelling and pain. If a bacterial infection is suspected, antibiotics may be prescribed.

2. Sialogogues: These are substances that stimulate saliva production, which can help flush out any blockages in the salivary ducts. Sour candies or lemon drops are common examples.

3. Warm Compresses: Applying warm compresses to the affected area can help alleviate pain and promote drainage.

4. Hydration: Ensuring adequate fluid intake can help maintain saliva production and prevent further complications.

5. Surgical Intervention: In cases where there are persistent blockages or abscesses, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove stones or drain infected areas.

When to Seek Further Medical Attention
Given that your symptoms have persisted despite treatment, it is crucial to follow up with your healthcare provider. If the swelling returns or worsens, or if you develop fever, chills, or increased pain, you should seek immediate medical attention. A referral to an oral surgeon or an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist may be warranted for further evaluation and management.

Conclusion
Salivary gland inflammation can be a complex condition with various underlying causes. While initial treatments may provide some relief, persistent symptoms warrant further investigation. It is essential to work closely with your healthcare provider to determine the best course of action and to rule out any serious conditions. Regular follow-ups and open communication with your medical team will be key in managing your symptoms effectively.

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