Gum Bleeding and Swelling: Causes and Solutions

Gum bleeding and gum swelling?

Hello, doctor.
For the past month or so, I have been suffering from gum inflammation and bleeding.
My gums are slightly swollen on both the inner and outer sides, and I experience bleeding almost every time I brush my teeth or when my gums are pressed during kissing, along with a feeling of inflammation and discomfort.
There is less spontaneous bleeding.
I have seen other doctors at different clinics who diagnosed me with marginal gingivitis.
After a dental cleaning, I was instructed to brush normally and to brush harder to induce bleeding, but it has been a month and there has been no improvement.
The bleeding and inflammation are concentrated in the anterior region (with more severe bleeding around the upper incisors and canines).
Could this possibly be another disease? I had a blood test done last October, and everything was normal.
I also took an HIV test due to some concerns, and it came back negative.
What should I do to resolve this? Is it possible that I have chronic gingivitis that requires further medication treatment?

A-Hsiang, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2021/04/20

Dr. Zeng Guanghui reply Dentistry

If oral hygiene has been properly maintained and the interdental areas are thoroughly cleaned, yet there is still bleeding from the gums, it is advisable to check for any autoimmune issues and to assess whether long-term irregular lifestyle habits may be affecting the immune system, leading to increased susceptibility to gum inflammation and bleeding.
Dr.
Tseng Guang-Hui, Department of Dentistry, Nantou Hospital.

Reply Date: 2021/04/20

More Info

Gum bleeding and swelling can be quite distressing, and it’s important to understand the underlying causes and potential solutions. Based on your description, it sounds like you are experiencing symptoms consistent with gingivitis, specifically marginal gingivitis, which is an inflammation of the gums often caused by plaque buildup. Here’s a detailed look at the possible causes, implications, and recommended solutions for your condition.

Causes of Gum Bleeding and Swelling
1. Plaque Buildup: The most common cause of gum inflammation is the accumulation of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth. If not removed through regular brushing and flossing, plaque can harden into tartar, leading to more severe gum disease.

2. Poor Oral Hygiene: Inadequate brushing and flossing can exacerbate plaque buildup, leading to gingivitis. It’s crucial to maintain a consistent oral hygiene routine.

3. Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, such as those occurring during menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause, can make gums more sensitive and prone to bleeding.

4. Nutritional Deficiencies: A lack of essential nutrients, particularly vitamin C, can lead to gum problems. This condition is known as scurvy, which is characterized by bleeding gums.

5. Medical Conditions: Certain systemic diseases, such as diabetes, blood disorders, and autoimmune diseases, can affect gum health. Additionally, conditions like HIV/AIDS can compromise the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off infections, including those affecting the gums.

6. Medications: Some medications can cause dry mouth or gum overgrowth, both of which can contribute to gum disease.

7. Tobacco Use: Smoking or using other tobacco products can impair gum health and hinder healing.

Solutions and Recommendations
1. Improved Oral Hygiene: Ensure you are brushing your teeth at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste and flossing daily. Consider using an antibacterial mouthwash to help reduce plaque and bacteria.

2. Regular Dental Visits: Since you have already seen a dentist, it’s important to continue regular check-ups. Professional cleanings can remove tartar that regular brushing cannot. If your symptoms persist, ask your dentist about more frequent cleanings or additional treatments.

3. Dietary Adjustments: Incorporate foods rich in vitamin C, such as citrus fruits, strawberries, and leafy greens, to support gum health. Staying hydrated is also essential for maintaining healthy gums.

4. Medication: If your gingivitis is chronic and does not improve with standard care, your dentist may prescribe medicated mouth rinses or topical treatments to reduce inflammation and promote healing.

5. Addressing Underlying Conditions: If you suspect that a medical condition may be contributing to your gum issues, it’s essential to discuss this with your healthcare provider. They may recommend further testing or treatment options.

6. Avoid Tobacco: If you use tobacco, consider quitting. This can significantly improve your oral health and reduce the risk of gum disease.

7. Home Remedies: Rinsing with warm salt water can help soothe inflamed gums and promote healing. However, this should not replace professional dental care.

Conclusion
While it’s reassuring that your recent blood tests, including the HIV test, came back negative, persistent gum bleeding and swelling should not be ignored. It’s crucial to maintain a proactive approach to your oral health. If your symptoms do not improve with improved oral hygiene and regular dental visits, further evaluation may be necessary to rule out other underlying conditions. Always communicate openly with your dentist about your concerns and any changes in your symptoms. With proper care, most cases of gingivitis can be effectively managed, leading to healthier gums and overall improved oral health.

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