Effectiveness of Emergency Contraceptive Pills After Vomiting - Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs), commonly referred to as "morning-after pills," are designed to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure. The effectiveness of these pills can be influenced by various factors, including the timing of ingestion and subsequent vomiting.

When ECPs are taken, they work primarily by delaying ovulation, preventing fertilization, or inhibiting implantation of a fertilized egg. The two most common types of ECPs are those containing levonorgestrel (Plan B One-Step) and ulipristal acetate (ella). The effectiveness of these medications is highest when taken as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse, ideally within 72 hours for levonorgestrel and up to 120 hours for ulipristal acetate.

If vomiting occurs within two hours of taking the ECP, it is generally recommended to take another dose. This is because the body may not have had enough time to absorb the medication into the bloodstream, which could significantly reduce its effectiveness. However, if vomiting occurs after two hours, the medication is likely to have been absorbed, and there is no need to take an additional dose.

In your case, since you experienced vomiting less than an hour after taking the emergency contraceptive pill, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider. They may recommend taking another dose of the ECP to ensure that you have adequate protection against pregnancy. Additionally, if you are experiencing nausea or discomfort due to potentially contaminated food, it is essential to stay hydrated and monitor your symptoms. If nausea persists or worsens, seeking medical attention may be necessary.

It is also important to note that while ECPs are effective, they are not 100% guaranteed to prevent pregnancy. Factors such as the timing of ovulation in your menstrual cycle and the specific type of ECP taken can influence the outcome. Therefore, if your next menstrual period is delayed by more than a week, it is advisable to take a pregnancy test or consult with a healthcare provider for further evaluation.

In summary, vomiting shortly after taking an emergency contraceptive pill can affect its effectiveness, particularly if it occurs within two hours. It is crucial to follow up with a healthcare professional for guidance on whether to take another dose and to address any ongoing symptoms you may be experiencing.