Health Risks of Using Organic Solvents in Indoor Spaces

Q: Health Risks of Using Organic Solvents in Indoor Spaces

Dear Mr. Lee： 1. Nitro paint is primarily composed of nitrocellulose, combined with resins, plasticizers, solvents, and additives. Nitro paint is a single-component paint that forms a film upon evaporation and is a liquid mixed in proportion with thinner. The h

Some issues related to organic solvents?

Dear Doctor, I have been using some spray paint (nitro paint) in my room for work.
I sprayed it outdoors for about two weeks but brought it inside to dry, averaging two hours a day.
I wore a mask, but I still sensed the smell.
I don't feel significantly unwell, but will this exposure over the past two weeks affect my health? Will the organic solvents remain in my body and be eliminated? Thank you.

Li, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2021/06/14

Dr. Xiao Yongxun reply Family Medicine

Dear Mr.
Lee:
1.
Nitro paint is primarily composed of nitrocellulose, combined with resins, plasticizers, solvents, and additives.
Nitro paint is a single-component paint that forms a film upon evaporation and is a liquid mixed in proportion with thinner.
The harmful effects of organic solvents are particularly noteworthy, as they possess low molecular weight and non-polar characteristics, making them easily absorbed by the human body through inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact, with inhalation being the primary route.
Generally, the lipophilicity of organic solvents increases with molecular weight, while volatility decreases.
The liver, being a crucial metabolic organ, processes many chemicals (including drugs) via the bloodstream, which are then eliminated through the gastrointestinal tract or kidneys, making the liver susceptible to damage.
2.
Serum liver enzymes ALT and AST are the most commonly used indicators of hepatocellular injury.
When liver cells are damaged, intracellular enzymes are released into the bloodstream, leading to elevated liver function enzymes.
This elevation can occur even with mild hepatocellular injury, indicating high sensitivity but low specificity.
3.
When hepatocellular injury leads to cholestasis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels may rise before jaundice becomes apparent.
Once jaundice is evident, bilirubin levels will increase.
If there is evidence of liver damage, it is essential to rule out the following factors: viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, fatty liver, drug-induced hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, metabolic liver diseases such as Wilson's disease, biliary obstruction, biliary anomalies, and biliary tumors, as well as liver parasitic infections, and conditions such as hypotension, hypoxia, shock, and heart failure.
4.
At this point, we cannot determine whether you have organic solvent poisoning, nor do we know the specific organic solvents involved.
Therefore, we recommend that you provide the material safety data sheet of the spray paint you used to your family physician for a detailed discussion before making any decisions.

Reply Date: 2021/06/14

More Info

Using organic solvents, such as nitrocellulose paint, in indoor spaces can pose significant health risks, particularly when exposure occurs over an extended period. Nitrocellulose paint contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can evaporate into the air and be inhaled. While you mentioned that you have been using a mask, it is important to understand that not all masks are effective at filtering out organic solvent vapors, especially if they are not specifically designed for that purpose.

Health Risks of Organic Solvents
1. Respiratory Issues: Inhalation of VOCs can lead to respiratory problems, including irritation of the throat and lungs, coughing, and shortness of breath. Prolonged exposure may exacerbate pre-existing conditions such as asthma or lead to the development of new respiratory issues.

2. Central Nervous System Effects: Organic solvents can affect the central nervous system, leading to symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, fatigue, and even cognitive impairments. Chronic exposure may result in more severe neurological effects.

3. Dermal Exposure: If the paint comes into contact with your skin, it can cause irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to wear protective gloves when handling such materials to minimize skin exposure.

4. Long-term Health Risks: Some organic solvents are classified as potential carcinogens. While occasional exposure may not lead to immediate health issues, repeated or prolonged exposure can increase the risk of developing serious health conditions, including cancer.

Metabolism and Excretion of Organic Solvents
The body metabolizes many organic solvents, and the rate at which they are eliminated can vary based on several factors, including the type of solvent, the duration and level of exposure, and individual metabolic rates. Generally, the body can eliminate small amounts of organic solvents relatively quickly, but chronic exposure can lead to accumulation and prolonged effects.

For nitrocellulose paint, the primary solvent is often acetone or other similar compounds, which are typically metabolized in the liver and excreted through urine. However, if exposure has been significant, it may take longer for the body to completely eliminate these substances.

Recommendations
1. Ventilation: Ensure that the area where you are using the paint is well-ventilated. Open windows and use fans to help disperse fumes and reduce inhalation risks.

2. Use Appropriate Protective Gear: If you continue to use organic solvents, consider using a respirator specifically designed for organic vapors, along with gloves and protective eyewear.

3. Monitor Symptoms: Pay attention to any symptoms you may experience, such as headaches, dizziness, or respiratory discomfort. If these symptoms persist or worsen, seek medical advice.

4. Limit Exposure: If possible, limit the time spent in areas where organic solvents are used, and consider completing such tasks outdoors when weather permits.

5. Consult a Healthcare Professional: If you have concerns about your exposure or if you experience any adverse health effects, consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and advice tailored to your specific situation.

In summary, while you may not currently feel significant discomfort, the cumulative effects of organic solvent exposure can have serious health implications. Taking proactive measures to minimize exposure and monitoring your health is crucial for your long-term well-being.

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