Pregnancy Risks: Should You Consider Emergency Contraception?

Can I get pregnant?

I got my period on July 29 and it ended on August 4.
I had unprotected intercourse two days before my period, and on the third day of my period, I also had unprotected intercourse.
On August 9, I inserted a few times and then pulled out.
What is the likelihood of pregnancy? Should I take emergency contraception?

Jill, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2021/08/10

Dr. Huang Zifei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Dear Jill,
Basically, engaging in sexual intercourse without using condoms and without taking preemptive contraceptive pills increases the chance of pregnancy.
Emergency contraception is only effective for a single instance of unprotected intercourse (and taking it afterward may affect your menstrual cycle; it is generally recommended to take preemptive contraceptive pills instead).
If you are concerned about pregnancy, you should take the emergency contraceptive pill within 72 hours after the intercourse.
However, for your previous instances of sexual activity, it may be too late.
If your period is delayed by more than a week, remember to take a pregnancy test.
If you have any other questions, please consult a gynecologist.
Dr.
Huang Zifei, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nantou Hospital

Reply Date: 2021/08/10

More Info

When considering the risks of pregnancy and the potential need for emergency contraception, it is essential to understand the timing of ovulation and the effectiveness of various contraceptive methods. Based on your menstrual cycle, which starts on July 29 and ends on August 4, we can analyze the likelihood of pregnancy from the unprotected intercourse you described.

Typically, ovulation occurs about 14 days before the start of your next menstrual period. If your cycle is regular, ovulation likely occurred around mid-cycle, which would be approximately August 12 to August 14, assuming a 28-day cycle. The days leading up to ovulation, as well as the day of ovulation itself, are when you are most fertile. Since you mentioned having unprotected intercourse on August 9, this date falls within the fertile window, which increases the chances of sperm meeting an egg.

The likelihood of pregnancy from unprotected intercourse depends on several factors, including the timing of your cycle and the viability of sperm. Sperm can live inside the female reproductive tract for up to five days, so if you ovulate shortly after August 9, there is a possibility of conception.

Regarding emergency contraception (EC), it is most effective when taken as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse. There are two main types of emergency contraception: the copper intrauterine device (IUD) and hormonal pills (like Plan B or Ella). The hormonal pills are most effective within 72 hours (3 days) after unprotected sex, but some can be effective up to 5 days after. The copper IUD can be inserted by a healthcare provider and is the most effective form of emergency contraception, with a failure rate of less than 1%.

Given your situation, if you are concerned about the possibility of pregnancy, it would be prudent to consider taking emergency contraception, especially since you had unprotected intercourse within your fertile window. If you decide to take the hormonal pill, do so as soon as possible to maximize its effectiveness.
In addition to considering emergency contraception, it is also important to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice. They can provide guidance based on your specific health history and any other concerns you may have.
Lastly, if you find yourself frequently in situations where you are concerned about unprotected intercourse, it may be beneficial to discuss long-term contraceptive options with your healthcare provider. There are many effective methods available, including hormonal birth control, IUDs, and barrier methods, which can help prevent unintended pregnancies in the future.

In summary, while there is a risk of pregnancy based on the timing of your unprotected intercourse, taking emergency contraception promptly can significantly reduce that risk. Always consult with a healthcare professional for tailored advice and to explore ongoing contraceptive options that suit your lifestyle.

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