Blood in Stool: Causes and When to Seek Help - Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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When you notice blood on toilet paper after a bowel movement, it can understandably be concerning. There are several potential causes for this symptom, and it’s important to understand them to determine when to seek medical help.


Common Causes of Blood in Stool
1. Hemorrhoids: One of the most common causes of blood in the stool is hemorrhoids, which are swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus. They can cause bright red blood on the toilet paper or in the toilet bowl, especially after straining during a bowel movement.

2. Anal Fissures: These are small tears in the lining of the anus, often caused by passing hard stools. They can be quite painful and may also result in bright red blood.

3. Diverticular Disease: Diverticulosis is a condition where small pouches form in the walls of the colon. If these pouches become inflamed or infected (diverticulitis), they can bleed.

4. Polyps or Colorectal Cancer: While less common, polyps (growths on the colon lining) and colorectal cancer can also cause bleeding. This is particularly concerning if the blood is dark or mixed with stool.

5. Gastrointestinal Conditions: Conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, can also lead to blood in the stool.


When to Seek Help
Given your symptoms of intermittent blood on toilet paper, constipation, a feeling of incomplete bowel movements, and abdominal pain, it is crucial to seek medical attention. You mentioned that you have already seen a doctor in the colorectal department, which is a good step. However, if you continue to experience these symptoms or if they worsen, consider the following:
- Persistent Symptoms: If the blood continues to appear, or if you experience significant pain, changes in bowel habits, or weight loss, return to your healthcare provider.


- New Symptoms: If you develop new symptoms such as fever, severe abdominal pain, or changes in your appetite, seek medical attention promptly.

- Follow-Up: Since you mentioned that the doctor suggested further examination and possibly cauterization, it’s essential to follow through with these recommendations. Cauterization can help treat bleeding hemorrhoids or other vascular issues in the rectal area.


Additional Considerations
- Diet and Hydration: Since you mentioned experiencing constipation, consider dietary changes to increase fiber intake and ensure adequate hydration. This can help soften stools and reduce straining during bowel movements.

- Monitoring: Keep track of your symptoms, including the frequency and amount of blood, any associated pain, and changes in bowel habits. This information can be helpful for your healthcare provider.

- Second Opinion: If you feel uncertain about the diagnosis or treatment plan, seeking a second opinion from another specialist can provide reassurance and additional options.


Conclusion
Blood in the stool is a symptom that should not be ignored, especially when accompanied by other concerning signs. It’s essential to work closely with your healthcare provider to identify the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment. Your health and well-being are paramount, so don’t hesitate to advocate for yourself and seek further evaluation if needed.