Common Antacids in Over-the-Counter Stomach Medications - Pharmacology

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Antacids are a common class of over-the-counter medications used to relieve symptoms of heartburn, indigestion, and upset stomach by neutralizing stomach acid. They are widely available and come in various formulations. Below is a list of some common antacids available in the market, along with their active ingredients and brand names:
1. Tums
- Active Ingredient: Calcium Carbonate
- Uses: Provides quick relief from heartburn and indigestion by neutralizing stomach acid.
- Brand Variants: Tums Regular Strength, Tums Extra Strength, Tums Smoothies.

2. Rolaids
- Active Ingredients: Calcium Carbonate and Magnesium Hydroxide
- Uses: Offers relief from heartburn and acid indigestion. The combination of calcium and magnesium helps to neutralize stomach acid effectively.
- Brand Variants: Rolaids Original, Rolaids Extra Strength.

3. Maalox
- Active Ingredients: Aluminum Hydroxide and Magnesium Hydroxide
- Uses: Used to relieve heartburn, sour stomach, and acid indigestion. The combination helps to balance the constipating effects of aluminum with the laxative effects of magnesium.
- Brand Variants: Maalox Advanced, Maalox Plus.

4. Gaviscon
- Active Ingredients: Aluminum Hydroxide, Magnesium Carbonate, and Sodium Alginate
- Uses: Provides relief from heartburn and indigestion. The sodium alginate forms a protective barrier that floats on top of the stomach contents, preventing acid reflux.
- Brand Variants: Gaviscon Liquid, Gaviscon Chewable Tablets.

5. Pepto-Bismol
- Active Ingredient: Bismuth Subsalicylate
- Uses: While primarily used for diarrhea, it also provides relief from heartburn and upset stomach. It works by coating the stomach lining and neutralizing stomach acid.
- Brand Variants: Pepto-Bismol Liquid, Pepto-Bismol Chewable Tablets.

6. Alka-Seltzer
- Active Ingredients: Aspirin, Citric Acid, and Sodium Bicarbonate
- Uses: Provides relief from heartburn and indigestion. The sodium bicarbonate acts as an antacid, while citric acid helps to enhance the flavor and effectiveness.
- Brand Variants: Alka-Seltzer Original, Alka-Seltzer Heartburn Relief.

7. Tums Chewy Bites
- Active Ingredient: Calcium Carbonate
- Uses: A chewable form of Tums that provides the same benefits as regular Tums, offering quick relief from heartburn and indigestion.
- Brand Variants: Tums Chewy Bites Assorted Fruit.

8. Zantac (Ranitidine)
- Note: While Zantac is primarily an H2 blocker that reduces stomach acid production, it is often included in discussions about stomach medications. However, it is not an antacid in the traditional sense.
- Uses: Used to treat and prevent heartburn and acid-related conditions by reducing the amount of acid the stomach produces.
- Brand Variants: Zantac 75, Zantac 150.

9. Famotidine (Pepcid AC)
- Note: Similar to Zantac, Famotidine is an H2 blocker and not a traditional antacid.
- Uses: Reduces stomach acid production and is used to treat heartburn and acid indigestion.
- Brand Variants: Pepcid AC Original Strength, Pepcid AC Maximum Strength.

When considering the use of antacids, it's important to note that while they can provide quick relief, they do not address the underlying causes of acid-related conditions. Long-term use of antacids, especially those containing aluminum or magnesium, can lead to side effects such as constipation or diarrhea, respectively. Additionally, individuals with certain health conditions or those taking specific medications should consult with a healthcare provider before using antacids.

In summary, antacids are widely available over-the-counter medications that can provide quick relief from heartburn and indigestion. The above list includes some of the most common antacids, their active ingredients, and brand names. Always consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and recommendations regarding the use of these medications.