Ovarian Cysts: Causes of Pain and Symptoms Explained

Ovarian cystadenoma and ovarian cyst?

During my last visit to the gynecologist after experiencing bleeding from taking the emergency contraceptive pill, a 3 cm corpus luteum cyst was found on my left ovary.
Since then, I have been experiencing intermittent sharp pain in my left lower abdomen, which has lasted for about a month.
The pain is not severe, occurring about 2 to 3 times a day, sometimes lasting for a few hours, and it feels somewhat like an electric shock.
After my menstrual period ended, I returned for a follow-up to check on the corpus luteum cyst, and the doctor said it had resolved and transformed into a follicular cyst measuring about 2 to 3 cm.
I still occasionally experience sharp pain, particularly on the left side where the cyst formed.
I would like to ask the doctor if ovarian cysts can cause occasional sharp pain, as I almost experience this pain 1 to 2 times daily.

Qing, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2021/10/05

Dr. Wu Xianghui reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

1.
Ovarian cysts are mostly benign lesions that often resolve spontaneously; however, ovarian cysts typically do not resolve on their own and are often associated with pain during ovulation or around the menstrual period.
2.
It is recommended to consult a gynecologist for examination and discussion of treatment options.

Reply Date: 2021/10/05

More Info

Understanding ovarian cysts and their associated symptoms is crucial for women experiencing pelvic pain. Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on the ovaries, and they can vary in size and type. The most common types include functional cysts, such as follicular cysts and corpus luteum cysts, which typically form during the menstrual cycle. While many women with ovarian cysts may not experience any symptoms, some may encounter discomfort or pain, particularly if the cysts are large or if they rupture.

In your case, you mentioned having a 3 cm corpus luteum cyst on your left ovary, which later transformed into a follicular cyst of similar size. The intermittent sharp pain you describe, akin to an electric shock, can indeed be associated with ovarian cysts. This pain may arise from several factors:
1. Cyst Size and Pressure: As cysts grow, they can exert pressure on surrounding structures in the pelvis, leading to discomfort. Even if a cyst is not large enough to cause significant pain, its presence can still lead to sensations of discomfort or sharp pain.

2. Rupture of the Cyst: If a cyst ruptures, it can cause sudden and severe pain, often accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea or changes in menstrual bleeding. However, even without rupture, the expansion and contraction of the cyst can lead to pain.

3. Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle can also influence the sensation of pain. For instance, ovulation can cause discomfort, and if a cyst is present, it may exacerbate this sensation.

4. Associated Conditions: Sometimes, the presence of cysts can be linked to other conditions, such as endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease, which can also contribute to pain.

5. Nerve Sensitivity: The pelvic region is rich in nerves, and the presence of a cyst can sometimes lead to increased sensitivity, causing pain that may feel sharp or electric.

Given that your doctor indicated the cyst has resolved, it’s important to monitor your symptoms. If the pain persists or worsens, further evaluation may be necessary to rule out other potential causes, such as endometriosis or other gynecological issues.
In terms of management, if the pain is mild and infrequent, over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen may be sufficient. However, if the pain becomes more severe or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms (such as heavy bleeding, fever, or severe abdominal pain), it is essential to seek medical attention promptly.

In summary, while ovarian cysts can cause intermittent pain, the nature and severity of the pain can vary widely among individuals. It’s crucial to maintain open communication with your healthcare provider, especially if you experience changes in your symptoms or if new symptoms arise. Regular follow-ups and imaging studies, such as ultrasounds, can help monitor the situation and ensure that any potential complications are addressed in a timely manner.

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