Blood in Stool: Causes, Symptoms, and Cancer Risks - Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Blood in the stool?

Hello, Deputy Director.
I would like to ask you: 1.
What could be the cause of a small amount of blood on a portion of the stool (approximately the size of a five-dollar coin)? Could it be colon cancer? 2.
What is mucus stool? How can one determine if it is mucus stool? 3.
How is colon cancer diagnosed? Thank you for your assistance.

Niming, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2021/10/08

Dr. Chen Shidian reply Gastroenterology and Hepatology

A fecal occult blood test can be performed first, and a colonoscopy should be done only if necessary.

Reply Date: 2021/10/08

More Info

Understanding blood in stool can be concerning, and it’s essential to approach this issue with a clear understanding of potential causes, symptoms, and associated cancer risks.
1. Causes of Blood in Stool: The presence of blood in stool can arise from various conditions, some of which are benign while others may be serious. Common causes include hemorrhoids, anal fissures, diverticular disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colorectal polyps. In some cases, blood in the stool can indicate colorectal cancer, especially if accompanied by other symptoms such as changes in bowel habits, unexplained weight loss, or persistent abdominal discomfort. The size of the blood spot you mentioned (approximately the size of a five-yen coin) could suggest localized bleeding, possibly from hemorrhoids or a fissure, but it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis.

2. Understanding Mucus in Stool: Mucus is a gel-like substance produced by the intestines to help lubricate the stool and facilitate its passage. It is normal to have a small amount of mucus in stool. However, if you notice an increase in mucus or if it is accompanied by blood, changes in bowel habits, or abdominal pain, it may warrant further investigation. Mucus in stool can be a sign of conditions like IBD or infections, and it is essential to discuss these symptoms with a healthcare provider.

3. Diagnosing Colorectal Cancer: The diagnosis of colorectal cancer typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. A healthcare provider may recommend a colonoscopy, which allows direct visualization of the colon and rectum, and the opportunity to take biopsies of any suspicious lesions. Additionally, imaging studies such as CT scans may be used to assess the extent of the disease if cancer is suspected. Screening for colorectal cancer is recommended starting at age 45 for average-risk individuals, and earlier for those with a family history of the disease or other risk factors.

In summary, while blood in the stool can be alarming, it is not always indicative of colorectal cancer. Various benign conditions can cause similar symptoms. It is essential to seek medical advice for proper evaluation and diagnosis. If you experience additional symptoms such as significant changes in bowel habits, unexplained weight loss, or persistent abdominal pain, these should be communicated to your healthcare provider promptly. Early detection and intervention are crucial in managing any potential health issues effectively.

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