ICU Syndrome: The Psychological Impact of Critical Care - Psychiatry

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ICU syndrome


Hello Dr.
Liao, at the end of last year, I underwent major surgery and experienced significant blood loss during the procedure, which led to my transfer to the ICU for monitoring.
During that time, I developed DIC, resulting in hypovolemic shock and necessitating a second exploratory laparotomy.
While in the ICU, I was mostly in a state of deep sleep; even when I was awake, my consciousness was foggy or dulled.
I believe this was due to the effects of sedatives and morphine.
Occasionally, when I was awake and saw my attending physician and the medical team by my bedside, I felt a surge of emotion.
I longed for someone to hold my hand, to feel a bit of human warmth instead of just the cold, sterile equipment and beeping sounds.
Neither my attending physician nor anyone else knew that I was aware during that time because I couldn’t speak due to intubation, and my hands were restrained, preventing me from communicating with them even through writing.
So, after the doctors left, tears streamed down my face—not from the pain of my wounds, but from the feeling of being "invisible."
I suffered greatly when the nasogastric tube was inserted and during suctioning, but the nurses kept encouraging me to endure and cooperate so I could leave the ICU sooner.
I understood how much I wanted to escape that place, which stripped me of my dignity.
During the second exploratory laparotomy, I was put under anesthesia and remained in a comatose state until I returned to the ICU after the surgery.
When I finally woke from that deep sleep, I saw my attending physician and the ICU doctors at my bedside, and I felt a sense of loss because waking up meant I had to once again endure the pain of being filled with tubes.
Once my vital signs stabilized, I was transferred to a general ward.
I couldn’t sleep at night because every time I fell asleep, I was jolted awake by nightmares.
For three consecutive nights, I dreamt of being crushed by a large truck or being killed in a collapsing building during an earthquake.
The pain from those dreams felt so real that I can still sense it now.
I’m grateful that my attending physician, upon learning of this, immediately called in a psychiatrist for an evaluation.
During the consultation, I could only cry.
Thanks to the medication prescribed by the psychiatrist, I managed to hold on until my discharge.
After leaving the hospital, I signed a DNR and organ donation consent because I didn’t want to experience such inhumane suffering again.
However, after undergoing two surgeries, I discovered that I had developed a deep affection for the feeling of anesthesia—being unconscious and free from dreams, just sleeping deeply.
I didn’t know that death might feel like this; I even considered finding a way to get "milk shots."
During my follow-up appointment, my attending physician still hoped I would soon overcome the psychological trauma from the ICU and the hysterectomy.
As I am single and unmarried, my attending physician suggested that if I couldn’t move past this, I should allow the psychiatrist to reassess me and not resist.
However, I didn’t follow the medical advice because I didn’t know how to tell the doctor, "I want to be anesthetized; I long for that feeling." Now, I have become accustomed to recalling that light, floating sensation of being under anesthesia before I sleep, where I feel no pain or discomfort, and I can finally relax and fall asleep.
Dr.
Liao, am I unwell?

Zi Lu, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2021/11/20

Dr. Liao Dinglie reply Psychiatry


Hello, dear netizen: Your heart must be wounded.
From your description, one can sense the harrowing experience of surgery and the intensive care unit, where you were in a tug-of-war with death.
Such profound pain and helplessness are deeply felt.
Sometimes, these intense feelings are difficult to share with others because they cannot be articulated, and even when expressed, few can truly understand.
The terrifying experiences in the ICU often linger in memory, and those feelings can be reawakened.
In the field of psychiatry, this is indeed described as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
Research indicates that the prevalence of PTSD in the ICU can reach as high as 20%.
I remember when I was a young medical student, my first time in the ICU, I felt the torment of the patients and the oppressive atmosphere of the ward; I could hardly breathe myself.
ICU staff must remain focused on their work, fighting to save precious lives from the brink of death.
If emotions overwhelm their work, efficiency will decline.
In those critical moments between life and death, everyone ultimately succeeded in saving you.
This PTSD reflects the emotional wounds your heart sustained during the rescue process.
Regarding your deep love for anesthesia, it seems to be a secret within your heart, suggesting an inner conflict.
Even though anesthesia may allow you to forget the pain and feel light, you know that it does not equate to true happiness, nor can it compensate for the pain following your serious illness or the loss of fertility.
Psychosomatic therapy can accompany you through the healing process after emotional trauma, helping you find the next station of mental and physical peace in the vastness of life.
I wish you well as you slowly find order and solace in your spirit after the fierce battle with illness.
Dr.
Liao Ding-Lie

Reply Date: 2021/11/20

More Info


The experience you described is a profound and complex one, reflecting the psychological impact that critical care, particularly in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU), can have on patients. What you are experiencing can be understood through the lens of ICU Syndrome, which encompasses a range of psychological and cognitive issues that can arise during and after a stay in the ICU.

ICU Syndrome, also known as ICU Psychosis or Delirium, is characterized by confusion, agitation, hallucinations, and emotional distress. Patients often feel isolated and disconnected from their surroundings, which can lead to feelings of despair and anxiety. Your description of feeling "invisible" and yearning for human connection highlights the emotional toll that such an environment can impose. The combination of sedation, pain management medications like opioids, and the physical constraints of being in an ICU (such as being intubated and restrained) can exacerbate these feelings of helplessness and fear.

The emotional and psychological effects you are experiencing, including nightmares and a longing for the state of anesthesia, are not uncommon. Many patients report a desire to escape the pain and trauma associated with their medical experiences, which can lead to a fascination with the state of unconsciousness induced by anesthesia. This desire can be troubling, as it may indicate a struggle with the reality of your situation and the trauma you have endured.

It is crucial to recognize that these feelings and experiences are valid and should be addressed with appropriate support. The fact that your attending physician has referred you to a mental health professional is a positive step. Engaging with a psychiatrist or psychologist can provide you with the tools to process your experiences and develop coping strategies. Therapy can help you articulate your feelings, understand the impact of your trauma, and find healthier ways to cope with the anxiety and distress you are experiencing.

In terms of your current state, it is essential to differentiate between a normal response to trauma and a more severe mental health condition. While it is common to experience anxiety, nightmares, and a desire to escape pain after such significant medical events, persistent thoughts of wanting to be anesthetized or a preoccupation with death may indicate a deeper issue that requires professional intervention. It is important to communicate openly with your healthcare providers about your feelings and thoughts, including your fascination with anesthesia and any suicidal ideation.

Additionally, consider exploring non-pharmacological interventions that can aid in your recovery. Mindfulness practices, relaxation techniques, and support groups for ICU survivors can be beneficial. These approaches can help you regain a sense of control and connection to your body and mind, which may alleviate some of the distress you are feeling.

In conclusion, while your experiences are deeply challenging, they are also part of a broader narrative that many ICU patients face. Seeking help from mental health professionals, engaging in supportive therapies, and maintaining open communication with your medical team are vital steps toward healing. Remember, recovery is a journey, and it is okay to seek support along the way. You are not alone in this, and there is hope for regaining a sense of peace and normalcy in your life.

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