Blood in Stool: Causes and When to Seek Help - Surgery

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When you notice blood in your stool, especially if it's dark red or if you see bright red blood on toilet paper, it can be concerning. Blood in the stool can arise from various causes, some of which are benign, while others may require immediate medical attention.

Possible Causes of Blood in Stool
1. Hemorrhoids: One of the most common causes of bright red blood in the stool is hemorrhoids. These are swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus that can bleed during bowel movements.

2. Anal Fissures: Small tears in the lining of the anus can also cause bright red blood. This is often accompanied by pain during bowel movements.

3. Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Conditions such as diverticulosis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) like Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, and colorectal polyps can lead to bleeding. The blood may appear dark red or even black if it originates from higher up in the gastrointestinal tract.

4. Gastrointestinal Infections: Certain infections can cause inflammation and bleeding in the intestines, leading to blood in the stool.

5. Cancer: In some cases, blood in the stool can be a sign of colorectal cancer or other malignancies in the gastrointestinal tract. This is more common in older adults or those with a family history of colorectal cancer.


When to Seek Help
It is crucial to seek medical attention if you experience any of the following:
- Persistent or Heavy Bleeding: If the bleeding does not stop or is accompanied by a large volume of blood.

- Severe Abdominal Pain: This could indicate a more serious condition that requires immediate evaluation.

- Changes in Bowel Habits: If you notice a significant change in your bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation lasting more than a few days.

- Accompanying Symptoms: Symptoms such as dizziness, fainting, or weakness could indicate significant blood loss and require urgent care.


What to Expect at the Doctor's Office
When you visit a healthcare professional, they will likely perform a thorough history and physical examination. They may ask about:
- The amount and color of the blood.

- Any accompanying symptoms (pain, changes in bowel habits, etc.).

- Your medical history and any medications you are taking.

Depending on the findings, further tests may be necessary, including:
- Blood Tests: To check for anemia or infection.

- Stool Tests: To identify infections or blood.

- Imaging Studies: Such as a CT scan or ultrasound to visualize the gastrointestinal tract.

- Endoscopy: A procedure where a flexible tube with a camera is used to examine the digestive tract.


Conclusion
Blood in the stool is a symptom that should not be ignored. While it can be due to relatively benign conditions like hemorrhoids or anal fissures, it can also indicate more serious issues such as gastrointestinal bleeding or cancer. If you notice blood in your stool, especially if it is persistent or accompanied by other concerning symptoms, it is essential to seek medical evaluation promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve outcomes and address any underlying health issues effectively. Always prioritize your health and consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice and treatment options.