Risks of Unprotected Sex: Epididymitis and STIs

Q: Risks of Unprotected Sex: Epididymitis and STIs

Hello： 1. Is there a high probability that epididymitis is transmitted through the aforementioned two sexual encounters? --> There is a possibility. 2. If it is transmitted through sexual activity, will the female partner show obvious symptoms? --> Not necessa

Unprotected sexual intercourse?

Hello Doctor,
I had unprotected sexual intercourse on December 26, 2021 (after which I performed a simple rinse and urinated).
On December 30, 2021, I had protected sex, but on the night of January 1, 2022, I experienced swelling of the left epididymis.

1.
Is there a high likelihood that epididymitis could be transmitted from the two sexual encounters mentioned above? (There were no unusual symptoms during urination after the sexual activities.)
2.
If the transmission is due to sexual activity, would the female partner show obvious signs of infection? Or is it possible for a woman to have no significant symptoms but still be capable of transmitting bacteria?
Additionally, I visited a urologist on January 3, who diagnosed me with epididymitis and prescribed Norfloxacin film-coated tablets for 7 days.
I have been taking them regularly for two to three days, but I still feel that the epididymis is somewhat hard and there is no significant reduction in swelling.
Should I return for an earlier follow-up? Thank you.

Chen, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2022/01/05

Dr. Du Shixi reply Urology

Hello:
1.
Is there a high probability that epididymitis is transmitted through the aforementioned two sexual encounters? --> There is a possibility.

2.
If it is transmitted through sexual activity, will the female partner show obvious symptoms? --> Not necessarily; some women may be asymptomatic or may not show specific signs of infection, but can still transmit bacteria.

3.
If bacteria are present during sexual activity, is it possible that I had already been diagnosed with epididymitis by a urologist three days prior? I was prescribed Norfloxacin film-coated tablets for 7 days.
After taking them regularly for two to three days, I still feel that the epididymis is somewhat hard and there is no significant reduction in swelling.
Should I return for an earlier follow-up? --> If there is no increase in size or pain, it means the condition is controlled.
Reducing swelling takes time; just follow up as scheduled.
Wishing you good health.

Reply Date: 2022/01/05

More Info

When it comes to understanding the risks associated with unprotected sex, particularly in the context of epididymitis and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), it is crucial to consider several factors. Your situation involves a history of unprotected sexual encounters, which inherently increases the risk of STIs, including those that can lead to conditions like epididymitis.

1. Epididymitis and Its Causes: Epididymitis is an inflammation of the epididymis, the tube that carries sperm from the testicles. It can be caused by infections, including STIs such as chlamydia and gonorrhea. In your case, the timing of your symptoms following unprotected sex raises the possibility that the condition could be related to those encounters. However, it is also essential to note that epididymitis can result from non-sexually transmitted infections as well, including urinary tract infections (UTIs).

2. Transmission Risks: The risk of transmitting an infection during sexual activity depends on various factors, including the presence of an active infection in either partner. If the female partner is asymptomatic, she may still carry and transmit bacteria. Many STIs can be asymptomatic, particularly in women, which means they may not exhibit noticeable symptoms but can still pose a risk of transmission. Therefore, it is essential to communicate openly with sexual partners about STI testing and health status.

3. Symptoms and Diagnosis: You mentioned that you experienced swelling in the left epididymis shortly after engaging in sexual activities. While it is possible for this to be related to an STI, it could also be due to other factors, such as trauma or a non-infectious cause. The absence of abnormal urination symptoms does not rule out an STI, as some infections can present with minimal or no urinary symptoms.

4. Treatment and Follow-Up: You have been prescribed antibiotics for your condition. It is crucial to complete the full course of antibiotics as directed, even if symptoms do not resolve immediately. If you notice that the swelling persists or worsens, or if you develop new symptoms such as fever or increased pain, it is advisable to return to your healthcare provider for further evaluation. Persistent symptoms may indicate the need for additional diagnostic testing or a change in treatment.

5. Preventive Measures: Moving forward, it is vital to practice safer sex to reduce the risk of STIs. This includes using condoms consistently and correctly, getting regular STI screenings, and having open discussions with partners about sexual health. If you have multiple partners, consider mutual testing to ensure that everyone is aware of their STI status.

6. Communication with Partners: If you suspect that you may have contracted an STI, it is essential to inform any sexual partners so they can also seek testing and treatment if necessary. This not only helps protect their health but also contributes to reducing the spread of infections within the community.

In summary, while there is a possibility that your epididymitis could be related to your recent sexual encounters, it is essential to consider all potential causes and to follow up with your healthcare provider if symptoms persist. Practicing safer sex and maintaining open communication with partners are key steps in managing your sexual health and reducing the risk of STIs.

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