Does Having Sex During HPV Vaccine Doses Affect Its Effectiveness?

Engaging in sexual intercourse during the administration period of the cervical cancer vaccine?

Hello, I have never had sexual intercourse before.
I received the first dose of the cervical cancer vaccine at the end of December last year.
I would like to know if having sexual intercourse during the period between the second and third doses will affect the vaccine's efficacy.
Is there a possibility that I may not achieve the full protective effect of all three doses? My boyfriend has had sexual encounters with more than three partners, and visually, I do not see any symptoms.
Should he undergo screening? Thank you.

Ms. Chen, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2022/01/05

Dr. Zhang Kunmin reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Hello, based on your description, if an infection occurs before the vaccination is completed, the vaccine will not have a therapeutic effect.
Generally, receiving the cervical cancer vaccine after engaging in sexual intercourse still has its benefits; however, if you are already infected with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) — of which there are over two hundred types — subsequent vaccination with the HPV vaccine will not prevent or treat diseases caused by those already infected HPV types; it can only prevent other types.
If the original virus type has cleared, then vaccination can provide protection.
In your current situation, testing your partner can be informative, but it will not change the vaccine's effectiveness.
Thank you! Wishing you peace and health, Dr.
Zhang.

Reply Date: 2022/01/05

More Info

The effectiveness of the HPV vaccine is a common concern, especially regarding the timing of sexual activity during the vaccination process. To address your question, having sexual intercourse during the administration of the HPV vaccine doses does not affect the vaccine's effectiveness. The primary purpose of the HPV vaccine is to provide protection against future infections with certain high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly types 16 and 18, which are responsible for the majority of cervical cancer cases.

The HPV vaccine works by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies against these specific HPV types. This immune response is developed over time, and while the vaccine is most effective when administered before any sexual activity, it still provides significant protection even if sexual activity occurs during the vaccination schedule. The vaccine is designed to prevent infections that may occur after vaccination, not to treat existing infections.

Regarding your concern about your boyfriend's sexual history, it is advisable for him to undergo HPV screening if he has had multiple sexual partners. While HPV testing is not routinely performed in men, certain types of HPV can lead to genital warts or other health issues. If he has any visible symptoms or concerns, he should consult a healthcare provider for appropriate evaluation and potential testing.

It's also important to note that the HPV vaccine does not replace the need for regular cervical cancer screenings (Pap smears) for women, regardless of vaccination status. Women should continue to follow the recommended screening guidelines based on their age and health history.

In summary, having sexual intercourse during the HPV vaccination process does not diminish the effectiveness of the vaccine. It is still crucial to complete all three doses for optimal protection. Additionally, encouraging your boyfriend to get screened can help ensure both of your sexual health and safety. Remember, practicing safe sex, including the use of condoms, can further reduce the risk of HPV transmission and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

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