the Increased Dementia Risk After Concussions

Q: the Increased Dementia Risk After Concussions

Hello, sir： You mentioned that "nine years ago, you had a motorcycle accident and lost consciousness for more than ten minutes; the doctor said it was a concussion, and that was the only time you have experienced this." Severe head trauma can cause varying degrees of damage to th

The probability of developing dementia after a concussion?

A study from Sweden indicates that individuals who have experienced a concussion have an 80% increased risk of developing dementia.
Although the likelihood of developing dementia after a head injury decreases over time, even after thirty years, the risk remains at 25%.
I feel that a 25% risk after thirty years still seems quite significant (1 in 4), and it appears that this is not much lower than the initial "80% increase." Am I misinterpreting the data? I suffered a motorcycle accident nine years ago, resulting in a loss of consciousness for over ten minutes, and the doctor diagnosed it as a concussion.
This was the only instance I can recall.
I am now concerned about having a high risk of developing dementia in the future.
What efforts can I make to reduce my risk of dementia? Thank you.

Danxin Zhe, 50~59 year old female. Ask Date: 2022/02/01

Dr. Jiang Junyi reply Neurology

Hello, sir: You mentioned that "nine years ago, you had a motorcycle accident and lost consciousness for more than ten minutes; the doctor said it was a concussion, and that was the only time you have experienced this." Severe head trauma can cause varying degrees of damage to the brain due to external forces.
The extent of brain injury can range from mild injuries that heal on their own to severe damage affecting brain nerves and tissues, leading to secondary ischemic brain lesions.
Changes can be observed through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
If you are very concerned, you might consider paying for an MRI to understand the previous brain injury situation.
Additionally, many phenomena of dementia can be caused by specific treatable conditions, which may offer a chance for recovery.
Examples include: 1.
Nutritional deficiencies: such as a lack of vitamin B12, folate, etc.
2.
Intracranial lesions: such as normal pressure hydrocephalus, brain tumors, or brain trauma.
3.
Metabolic abnormalities: such as hypothyroidism or electrolyte imbalances.
4.
Central nervous system infections: such as syphilis or HIV.
It is recommended to consult a neurologist for further evaluation and follow-up.
Thank you for your inquiry, and feel free to discuss any related questions! Wishing you good health and peace.
Dr.
Jiang Junyi from Taoyuan Hospital cares about you.

Reply Date: 2022/02/01

More Info

Understanding the increased risk of dementia following concussions is a critical area of research, particularly as awareness of brain injuries has grown in recent years. The study you referenced from Sweden highlights a significant finding: individuals who have experienced a concussion may have an 80% increased risk of developing dementia later in life. This statistic is alarming and raises valid concerns, especially for those who have suffered head injuries.

Your interpretation of the data is correct in that while the risk of developing dementia decreases over time, a residual risk of 25% remains even after three decades. This means that even years after the initial injury, there is still a notable chance of developing dementia, which can be concerning for individuals like yourself who have experienced a concussion. The long-term effects of brain injuries, including concussions, can be complex and multifaceted, involving various factors such as the severity of the injury, the number of concussions sustained, and individual health factors.

To mitigate the risk of developing dementia after a concussion, there are several proactive steps you can take:
1. Regular Medical Check-ups: Stay in touch with your healthcare provider to monitor your cognitive health. Regular assessments can help catch any early signs of cognitive decline.

2. Healthy Lifestyle Choices: Engage in a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamins that support brain health. Foods such as fatty fish, nuts, berries, and leafy greens are excellent choices.

3. Physical Activity: Regular exercise has been shown to improve brain health and reduce the risk of cognitive decline. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity each week, along with strength training exercises.

4. Mental Stimulation: Keep your brain active through puzzles, reading, learning new skills, or engaging in social activities. Mental challenges can help build cognitive reserve, which may protect against dementia.

5. Sleep Hygiene: Prioritize good sleep habits, as quality sleep is essential for brain health. Aim for 7-9 hours of sleep per night and establish a regular sleep schedule.

6. Manage Chronic Conditions: Conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol can increase the risk of dementia. Managing these conditions through lifestyle changes and medication can be beneficial.

7. Avoid Substance Abuse: Limit alcohol consumption and avoid recreational drugs, as these can negatively impact cognitive function.

8. Stay Socially Active: Maintaining social connections and engaging in community activities can help reduce the risk of cognitive decline.

9. Protect Your Head: If you participate in activities that pose a risk of head injury (e.g., contact sports, biking), always wear appropriate protective gear.

10. Educate Yourself: Stay informed about the latest research on brain health and dementia. Understanding the risk factors and protective measures can empower you to make informed decisions about your health.

While the fear of developing dementia after a concussion is understandable, taking proactive steps can help mitigate that risk. It's also important to remember that not everyone who suffers a concussion will develop dementia, and many factors contribute to cognitive health. If you have ongoing concerns, consider discussing them with a healthcare professional who can provide personalized advice based on your medical history and current health status.

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