Can I Transmit Hepatitis B to My Partner During Pregnancy? - Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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As a Hepatitis B carrier, it is understandable to have concerns about the transmission of the virus to your partner, especially during pregnancy. Hepatitis B is primarily transmitted through blood and bodily fluids, which means that there is a potential risk of transmission through sexual contact. However, the risk of transmitting the virus to your partner during pregnancy is relatively low, especially if she has been vaccinated against Hepatitis B.

In your case, your girlfriend has received multiple doses of the Hepatitis B vaccine but has not developed antibodies. This situation is known as "non-responders," and it can occur in a small percentage of individuals. The reasons for this can vary, including genetic factors or underlying health issues that may affect her immune response. It is crucial for her to consult with a healthcare provider to explore further options, such as additional testing or alternative vaccination strategies.

Regarding the transmission of Hepatitis B to your partner during intimate contact, the risk exists, but it is generally low if you are not experiencing an active infection (high viral load). Since your liver function tests indicate that you are a healthy carrier, the likelihood of transmitting the virus through sexual activity is reduced. However, it is still advisable to take precautions, such as using condoms, to minimize any risk of transmission.

When it comes to pregnancy, there is a possibility of vertical transmission (from mother to child) if the mother is a Hepatitis B carrier. However, since you are the carrier and your partner is not infected, the risk of passing the virus to the child during conception is not applicable. If your partner were to become pregnant, the primary concern would be if she were to contract the virus during the pregnancy. If she remains uninfected, the child would not be at risk of acquiring Hepatitis B from her.

If your partner does become pregnant and you are concerned about the potential for transmission, it is essential to inform her healthcare provider about your Hepatitis B status. The healthcare provider can then take appropriate measures to monitor the pregnancy and ensure the newborn receives the necessary vaccinations and immunoglobulin injections shortly after birth. This post-exposure prophylaxis can significantly reduce the risk of the newborn contracting Hepatitis B, with studies showing that the risk can drop from 90% to less than 5% when proper precautions are taken.

In summary, while there is a potential risk of transmitting Hepatitis B through sexual contact, the risk of vertical transmission during pregnancy is not applicable if your partner is not infected. It is crucial for both you and your partner to maintain open communication with healthcare providers, who can offer tailored advice and support throughout the process of family planning and pregnancy. Regular monitoring of your liver health and following medical advice will also be essential in managing your Hepatitis B status effectively.