Can Iron Deficiency Anemia Cause Long-Term High Blood Pressure?

Does iron deficiency anemia lead to long-term elevated blood pressure?

Medical history: In 2019, the patient underwent minimally invasive surgery for mixed internal and external hemorrhoids.
Due to the nature of the work, which often requires climbing, blood pressure is monitored, showing a systolic range of approximately 130 to 145 mmHg, with diastolic pressure being relatively normal.
In late October last year, the patient received the first dose of the BNT vaccine.
Three days later, while working, the patient experienced severe dizziness, photophobia, chest tightness, heart pain, and mild shortness of breath.
After drinking water and resting for over half an hour, the symptoms improved somewhat.
At the end of November, after receiving the second dose of the BNT vaccine, the patient began to frequently experience noticeable fatigue, shortness of breath after walking a few steps or climbing stairs, a rapid heartbeat, dry cough, and occasional finger cramps.
Consequently, the patient sought medical attention at a military hospital's cardiology department.
Initial tests, including an ECG and chest X-ray, were normal.
The physician diagnosed palpitations and shortness of breath, and scheduled an echocardiogram and blood tests for February of this year.
After the New Year, during a follow-up visit to review the reports, the echocardiogram was normal, but iron deficiency anemia was diagnosed.
The physician recommended immediate improvement through blood transfusion, prescribed iron supplement capsules, and referred the patient to a colorectal surgeon.
On the same day, the patient underwent a hemorrhoid ligation procedure and returned to normal work in the afternoon.

Given the above symptoms, after the treatment of internal hemorrhoids, with an increased intake of fruits and vegetables for nutritional supplementation, and improvement of iron deficiency anemia to normal levels, will the blood pressure also normalize?

Qiu Xiansheng, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2022/02/27

Dr. He Dongjin reply Cardiology

Hello, during stormy weather, the waves tend to be larger.
Similarly, when a person is in an unstable internal and external environment, their blood pressure may also fluctuate.
Internal factors include vaccinations and anemia, while external factors include changes in weather.
Let's monitor your condition after correcting the anemia.
Changhua Hospital cares about you.

Reply Date: 2022/02/27

More Info

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and its potential relationship with high blood pressure is a nuanced topic that requires a comprehensive understanding of both conditions. While there is no direct evidence to suggest that iron deficiency anemia causes long-term high blood pressure, the interplay between anemia, cardiovascular health, and blood pressure regulation is complex.

Iron deficiency anemia occurs when the body lacks sufficient iron to produce hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen. This condition can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath, which you have experienced. The body's response to anemia can include increased heart rate and cardiac output as the heart works harder to deliver oxygen to tissues. This increased workload can potentially lead to elevated blood pressure, particularly in individuals with pre-existing hypertension or other cardiovascular risk factors.

In your case, you mentioned experiencing episodes of dizziness, chest discomfort, and shortness of breath, particularly after physical exertion. These symptoms can be attributed to both your iron deficiency anemia and the potential strain on your cardiovascular system. When the body is anemic, it may struggle to meet the oxygen demands during physical activities, leading to symptoms like fatigue and breathlessness.
Regarding your blood pressure readings, which range from 130 to 145 mmHg systolic, these values are considered elevated, especially if you have a history of hypertension. It's important to note that while iron deficiency itself may not directly cause high blood pressure, the physiological stress of anemia can contribute to fluctuations in blood pressure. Additionally, if you have underlying conditions such as anxiety or stress related to your work, these factors can also influence your blood pressure readings.

After addressing your iron deficiency through dietary changes and iron supplementation, along with the surgical treatment for your hemorrhoids, you may find that your overall health improves, which could positively impact your blood pressure. A diet rich in iron, including leafy greens, legumes, lean meats, and fortified cereals, along with vitamin C to enhance iron absorption, can help restore your iron levels.
It is also crucial to monitor your blood pressure regularly, especially after making these dietary and health changes. If your blood pressure remains elevated despite correcting your anemia, it may be necessary to consult with your healthcare provider for further evaluation. They may consider other factors contributing to your hypertension, such as lifestyle, stress, or other underlying health conditions.

In summary, while iron deficiency anemia does not directly cause long-term high blood pressure, the symptoms and physiological responses associated with anemia can influence blood pressure regulation. Improving your iron levels and overall health through proper nutrition and medical care may help normalize your blood pressure. However, continuous monitoring and consultation with your healthcare provider are essential to ensure comprehensive management of both your anemia and blood pressure.

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