White Bumps on the Tongue: Causes and Concerns - Dentistry

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The presence of white bumps on the tongue, particularly at the base, can be concerning and may indicate various underlying conditions. Based on the description and images you provided, there are several potential causes for these symptoms, and it's important to consider both the clinical presentation and the duration of the symptoms.

One common cause of white bumps or spots on the tongue is oral thrush, which is a fungal infection caused by Candida species. This condition often presents as white patches that can be painful and may bleed when scraped. Oral thrush is more common in individuals with weakened immune systems, those taking antibiotics, or those with certain medical conditions like diabetes.

Another possibility is that these white bumps could be a manifestation of oral lichen planus, a chronic inflammatory condition that can cause white, lacy patches or painful sores in the mouth. This condition is often associated with stress and may require management through topical corticosteroids or other medications.

Additionally, the presence of painful bumps could indicate the formation of canker sores (aphthous ulcers), which are small, painful lesions that can appear on the tongue or inside the mouth. These sores are typically round or oval and can be triggered by stress, certain foods, or underlying health issues.

Given that you mentioned the pain intensifies with contact, such as drinking water, it is crucial to seek medical attention. Persistent pain and the presence of white lesions for over a week warrant a thorough examination by a healthcare professional, preferably an oral pathologist or an ENT specialist. They may perform a physical examination and, if necessary, a biopsy to rule out more serious conditions, including leukoplakia or even oral cancer, especially if you have risk factors such as tobacco use or a family history of cancer.

In the meantime, here are some general recommendations to manage discomfort:
1. Avoid Irritants: Stay away from spicy, acidic, or abrasive foods that may exacerbate the pain.

2. Maintain Oral Hygiene: Gently brush your tongue and use a mild mouthwash to keep the area clean, but avoid harsh products that may irritate the lesions.

3. Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to keep your mouth moist, which can help alleviate discomfort.

4. Pain Relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, may help manage pain.

In conclusion, while white bumps on the tongue can arise from various benign conditions, their persistence and associated pain necessitate a professional evaluation to ensure appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Please consult a healthcare provider as soon as possible to address your concerns and receive the necessary care.