Symptoms and Complications of Zygomatic Bone Fractures - Orthopedics

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Zygomatic bone fractures, commonly known as cheekbone fractures, can occur due to trauma, such as being struck in the face. While your current symptoms seem mild—no numbness, double vision, swelling, or bruising—it's essential to understand the potential symptoms and complications associated with zygomatic bone fractures.


Symptoms of Zygomatic Bone Fractures
1. Pain and Tenderness: One of the most common symptoms is localized pain at the site of the fracture. This pain may worsen with movement or pressure.

2. Swelling and Bruising: Although you currently do not have swelling or bruising, these symptoms can develop over time. Swelling may occur around the eyes (periorbital edema) or on the cheek.

3. Numbness: If the fracture affects the zygomatic nerve, you may experience numbness or tingling in the cheek or upper lip.

4. Double Vision (Diplopia): If the fracture impacts the eye socket (orbit), it can lead to muscle entrapment, causing double vision. This occurs when the muscles controlling eye movement are affected by the fracture.

5. Deformity: In some cases, there may be visible deformity or asymmetry of the face.

6. Difficulty with Eye Movement: If the fracture involves the orbital floor, it can restrict eye movement, leading to difficulty looking up or down.


Complications and Long-term Effects
1. Ocular Complications: As mentioned, fractures involving the orbit can lead to double vision or even vision loss if the optic nerve is compromised.

2. Malunion or Nonunion: If the fracture does not heal properly, it can lead to malunion (healing in an incorrect position) or nonunion (failure to heal), which may require surgical intervention.

3. Chronic Pain: Some individuals may experience chronic pain in the area of the fracture, even after healing.

4. Facial Asymmetry: Improper healing can lead to facial asymmetry, which may require corrective surgery.

5. Sinus Issues: If the fracture extends into the maxillary sinus, it can lead to sinusitis or other sinus-related complications.


When to Seek Medical Attention
Even if you currently do not exhibit severe symptoms, it is advisable to seek medical evaluation, especially if you experience any of the following:
- Development of swelling or bruising in the days following the injury.

- Onset of pain that worsens over time.

- Changes in vision, such as double vision or blurred vision.

- Numbness or tingling in the face.

- Difficulty moving your eyes.


Diagnostic Imaging
While you mentioned avoiding X-rays due to the pandemic, imaging is crucial in diagnosing zygomatic bone fractures. A CT scan is often preferred as it provides a detailed view of the facial bones and can help assess the extent of the fracture and any potential complications.


Conclusion
In summary, while your current lack of symptoms is reassuring, zygomatic bone fractures can lead to various complications if not properly evaluated and treated. It is essential to monitor for any changes and consider seeking medical attention for a thorough assessment, including imaging, to rule out any fractures and ensure proper healing. Early intervention can help prevent long-term complications and promote better outcomes.