Emergency Contraception: Risks and Side Effects - Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Emergency contraception (EC) is a method used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse or contraceptive failure. It is important to understand how it works, its effectiveness, and potential side effects.

1. Effectiveness of Emergency Contraception: In your case, since your girlfriend's menstrual period ended on June 17 and unprotected intercourse occurred on June 19, taking emergency contraception soon after is a proactive measure. Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) like Plan B (levonorgestrel) or Ella (ulipristal acetate) are most effective when taken as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse, ideally within 72 hours for Plan B and up to 120 hours for Ella. The effectiveness decreases the longer you wait, but it can still reduce the risk of pregnancy significantly. Since you mentioned that there was no ejaculation but that pre-ejaculatory fluid was present, there is still a risk of pregnancy, as sperm can be present in pre-ejaculate. However, taking emergency contraception greatly reduces that risk.

2. Side Effects of Emergency Contraception: After taking emergency contraception, it is common for women to experience side effects. These can include nausea, fatigue, headache, dizziness, breast tenderness, and changes in menstrual bleeding. The "cramping" or "pressure" in the lower abdomen that your girlfriend is experiencing could be a normal side effect of the medication, as it can cause changes in the uterine lining and may lead to some discomfort.

Regarding your question about heat therapy, applying a heating pad or hot water bottle to the lower abdomen can help alleviate cramping and discomfort. This is generally safe and can provide relief. Additionally, over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can be taken to help manage pain, but it’s important to follow the recommended dosages.

If the discomfort persists or worsens, or if she experiences heavy bleeding or severe pain, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider. They can rule out any other potential issues and provide further guidance.

In summary, while there is still a risk of pregnancy, taking emergency contraception is a responsible step that significantly reduces that risk. The side effects, including abdominal discomfort, are common and can often be managed with heat therapy and pain relievers. Always consult with a healthcare professional if there are concerns about side effects or if symptoms are severe.