Blood in Stool: Causes and When to Seek Help - Internal Medicine

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Blood in stool can be a concerning symptom and should not be ignored, especially if it persists for several days. The presence of blood in the stool can have various causes, ranging from benign to serious conditions. Here’s a comprehensive overview of potential causes, when to seek medical help, and what steps you can take.


Potential Causes of Blood in Stool
1. Hemorrhoids: One of the most common causes of blood in the stool is hemorrhoids, which are swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus. They can cause bright red blood on the surface of the stool or on toilet paper.

2. Anal Fissures: These are small tears in the lining of the anus, often caused by passing hard stools. They can lead to bleeding and significant pain during bowel movements.

3. Gastrointestinal Infections: Bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections can cause inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to bloody diarrhea.

4. Diverticulosis: This condition involves the formation of small pouches in the colon wall, which can bleed.

5. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis can cause inflammation and ulceration in the digestive tract, resulting in blood in the stool.

6. Polyps or Colorectal Cancer: Polyps are benign growths that can develop into cancer over time. Colorectal cancer can also present with blood in the stool, often accompanied by other symptoms like changes in bowel habits or unexplained weight loss.

7. Peptic Ulcers: Ulcers in the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine can bleed, leading to dark, tarry stools.

8. Other Conditions: Conditions such as liver disease or clotting disorders can also lead to gastrointestinal bleeding.


When to Seek Medical Help
Given that you have experienced blood in your stool for 5-7 days, it is essential to seek medical attention. You should consult a healthcare professional if you notice any of the following:
- Persistent Blood: Blood in the stool that continues for several days.

- Changes in Stool Color: Dark, tarry stools or bright red blood.

- Accompanying Symptoms: Abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea, fever, or weight loss.

- Signs of Anemia: Such as fatigue, weakness, or shortness of breath.


What to Expect at the Doctor’s Office
When you visit a healthcare provider, they will likely perform a thorough evaluation, which may include:
- Medical History: Discussing your symptoms, dietary habits, and any medications you are taking.

- Physical Examination: A physical exam, including a rectal exam, to check for hemorrhoids or fissures.

- Diagnostic Tests: Blood tests, stool tests, or imaging studies (like a colonoscopy) may be ordered to determine the cause of the bleeding.


Conclusion
While dietary habits can influence gastrointestinal health, the presence of blood in your stool is a symptom that warrants further investigation. It is crucial to address this issue promptly to rule out any serious conditions. Remember, early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve outcomes, so do not hesitate to seek medical advice. Your health is paramount, and understanding the underlying cause of your symptoms is the first step toward effective management.