Nasal Congestion: Causes and When to Seek Help - Otolaryngology

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Nasal congestion is a common issue that many people experience, often linked to various underlying causes such as allergies, infections, or structural abnormalities in the nasal passages. Given your symptoms of nasal congestion, difficulty breathing, and the sensation of shallow breathing, it’s essential to understand the potential causes and when to seek medical help.


Causes of Nasal Congestion
1. Allergic Rhinitis: This is one of the most common causes of nasal congestion. Allergies to pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or mold can lead to inflammation of the nasal mucosa, resulting in symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, and nasal blockage. Given your history of nasal allergies, this could be a significant factor in your current symptoms.

2. Infections: Viral infections, such as the common cold, can cause temporary nasal congestion. Bacterial infections, like sinusitis, can also lead to more severe symptoms, including facial pain, pressure, and thick nasal discharge. If your symptoms persist or worsen, it may indicate a need for further evaluation.

3. Structural Issues: Conditions such as a deviated septum or nasal polyps can obstruct airflow in the nasal passages, leading to chronic congestion. If you have a history of nasal trauma or structural abnormalities, this could be contributing to your symptoms.

4. Environmental Factors: Changes in weather, humidity, and temperature can exacerbate nasal congestion. For instance, hot weather can lead to increased pollen levels, while cold air can dry out the nasal passages, making them more susceptible to irritation and congestion.

5. Psychological Factors: Anxiety and stress can sometimes manifest physically, leading to sensations of tightness in the chest or difficulty breathing. While this may not be the primary cause of your nasal congestion, it can certainly contribute to the perception of breathing difficulties.


When to Seek Help
If your nasal congestion is persistent, recurrent, or accompanied by other concerning symptoms such as:
- Severe facial pain or pressure
- High fever
- Blood in nasal discharge
- Difficulty breathing or wheezing
- Symptoms lasting more than 10 days without improvement
You should consider consulting a healthcare professional.

Which Specialist to See?
Given your symptoms, it would be advisable to see an Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) specialist first. They can perform a thorough examination of your nasal passages and sinuses, potentially using imaging studies if necessary. An ENT specialist can help determine if your nasal congestion is due to allergies, infections, or structural issues.

If the ENT evaluation does not reveal any significant findings and your symptoms persist, you may then consider consulting a Pulmonologist (chest specialist) to rule out any underlying respiratory issues. They can assess your lung function and determine if there are any other factors contributing to your breathing difficulties.


Conclusion
In summary, nasal congestion can stem from various causes, and understanding these can help guide your next steps. Given your history of nasal allergies and the current symptoms you’re experiencing, it’s essential to seek evaluation from an ENT specialist. They can provide a comprehensive assessment and recommend appropriate treatment options, which may include allergy management, medications, or further interventions if necessary. Remember, while some degree of nasal congestion can be normal, persistent or severe symptoms warrant professional evaluation to ensure your respiratory health is not compromised.