HIV Test Results: What Does a Reactive EIA Mean?

HIV testing issues

I previously underwent a military physical examination, and the HIV test was conducted using the EIA (Enzyme Immunoassay) method, with a result of 370.40, which indicates a reactive result.
Does this mean it is positive? If it is positive, should I get tested again? My family does not know, and I am concerned that if I go for further testing, my family will be notified.
Thank you for your response, doctor.

Niming, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2022/12/05

Dr. Liao Zhongxin reply Internal Medicine

1.
The general testing for HIV is divided into two categories: the Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) and the Western Blot test.
The former is considered a screening method with a threshold of 1, which can result in a small number of false positives; typically, a result greater than 20 is unlikely to be a false positive.
The latter is regarded as a confirmatory tool, but it takes longer and has been largely replaced by the newer generation of Combo tests.
Therefore, almost all individuals who test positive on the EIA will undergo the Western Blot for confirmation.
2.
Since this was discovered during a military health examination and the EIA result is 370, it would be advisable to go to a medical facility for a Combo test to confirm the result.
This will not only alleviate any concerns but also allow for early diagnosis and treatment, benefiting both oneself and others.
If you prefer not to inform your family, you are an adult and can choose to communicate solely via mobile phone.

Reply Date: 2022/12/05

More Info

When you receive a reactive result from an HIV test, such as an EIA (Enzyme Immunoassay) with a value of 370.40, it typically indicates a positive result for HIV antibodies or antigens. In the context of HIV testing, a reactive EIA result suggests that the test has detected something that may indicate the presence of HIV in your system. However, it is crucial to understand that this is only a preliminary screening test.
The EIA is widely used as an initial screening method for HIV due to its high sensitivity. However, it is known to have a possibility of false positives, especially at lower levels of reactivity. In your case, a result of 370.40 is significantly above the threshold for a positive result, which is generally set at 1.0. Therefore, it is highly advisable to follow up with a confirmatory test, such as a Western blot or an HIV RNA test, to definitively determine your HIV status. Confirmatory tests are essential because they help to rule out false positives and provide a more accurate diagnosis.

Regarding your concern about notifying family members, it is important to note that medical confidentiality laws protect your health information. Unless you give explicit consent, your family members should not be notified of your test results. You have the right to keep this information private, and it is entirely up to you whether to share it with your family or not.

If you are feeling anxious about the results, it is understandable. Many people experience a range of emotions upon receiving a reactive HIV test result. It is important to seek support, whether from healthcare professionals, counselors, or support groups, to help you navigate this challenging time. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve health outcomes for individuals living with HIV, so taking the next step to confirm your status is crucial.

In summary, a reactive EIA result indicates a potential HIV infection, and it is essential to undergo further testing to confirm your status. Your privacy regarding this information is protected, and you have the autonomy to decide whether to inform your family. Remember, early detection and treatment can lead to better health outcomes, so do not hesitate to seek the necessary follow-up care.

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