Rectal Swellings: Is It Hemorrhoids or Something Else? - Surgery

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When it comes to understanding rectal swellings, particularly those that appear as protrusions around the anal area, it is essential to consider various possibilities, with hemorrhoids being one of the most common causes. Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lower rectum and anus, similar to varicose veins. They can be classified into two types: internal and external. Internal hemorrhoids are located inside the rectum and are usually not visible, while external hemorrhoids are located under the skin around the anus and can be seen or felt.

Based on your description of a "膨脹的肉" (swollen flesh) that appears when you relax and does not cause pain or bleeding, it is indeed possible that you are experiencing external hemorrhoids. The fact that you have not experienced any bleeding during bowel movements and that the swelling has been present for two to three years further supports this possibility. External hemorrhoids can sometimes become thrombosed, which may cause pain and swelling, but in your case, the absence of pain and bleeding suggests a less severe condition.

However, it is crucial to note that not all rectal swellings are hemorrhoids. Other potential causes include:
1. Skin Tags: These are small, benign growths of skin that can occur around the anal area. They are usually painless and do not cause any symptoms.

2. Anal Fissures: While these typically cause pain and bleeding during bowel movements, they can sometimes lead to swelling around the anus.

3. Abscesses: An anal abscess is a collection of pus that can occur due to infection. This condition is usually painful and may be accompanied by fever.

4. Fistulas: An anal fistula is a small tunnel that can develop between the end of the bowel and the skin near the anus, often following an abscess. This condition can also cause swelling and may require surgical intervention.

5. Polyps or Tumors: Although less common, growths in the anal area can also present as swellings. These can be benign or malignant, so any new or changing growth should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

Given that you have had this swelling for several years without significant changes, it is less likely to be a serious condition, but it is still advisable to consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis. A physical examination, and possibly imaging studies, may be necessary to determine the exact nature of the swelling.

In summary, while your symptoms are suggestive of external hemorrhoids, other conditions could also be responsible for the swelling. It is essential to seek medical advice to rule out any serious issues and to discuss potential treatment options if necessary. Regular check-ups and monitoring any changes in symptoms are crucial for maintaining rectal health.