Risk of HIV Infection from Contact with Fresh Blood: What You Need to Know

HIV infection from wet blood?

Today I went to pick up goods at the store and found blood stains on the counter that were still wet! The clerk helped me place the items on the table, and I didn't have time to react (I touched the surface of the table and the goods, which both had blood on them).
At that moment, there was no handwashing station.
Is there a possibility of contracting HIV?
1.
It is known that dried blood does not transmit the virus, but what about touching wet blood on the table? Is there a risk?
2.
If items are contaminated with blood, is there a possibility of residual virus?
3.
I have an old wound on my hand that hurts when touched, but it is not bleeding.
Does this count as a risk for infection?
4.
If there is no indirect transmission, what does it mean if the blood is still wet?

Xiao P, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2022/12/10

Dr. Hong Yuanbin reply Internal Medicine

Hello, 1.
Based on your description, there should be no risk of infection.
2.
Since it has dried, the virus is unlikely to remain.
3.
This does not constitute a route of infection.
4.
The chance of infection through such contact is very low.
Thank you for your question.

Reply Date: 2022/12/10

More Info

When it comes to the risk of HIV transmission through contact with fresh blood, it's essential to understand the modes of transmission and the conditions under which the virus can survive and infect. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is primarily transmitted through specific high-risk behaviors, including unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. The scenarios you described raise valid concerns, but let's break them down to clarify the risks involved.

1. Contact with Fresh Blood: You mentioned that you encountered fresh blood on a countertop and on items you were handling. It's important to note that HIV does not survive long outside the human body. While fresh blood can contain the virus, the risk of transmission through casual contact is extremely low. The virus is sensitive to environmental conditions, and once exposed to air, it begins to lose its ability to infect. However, if the blood is fresh and you have an open wound or a cut, there is a theoretical risk, albeit low, of transmission if the blood directly enters your bloodstream.

2. Survival of the Virus on Surfaces: HIV does not remain viable for long periods on surfaces. Studies have shown that the virus can survive for a few hours in a liquid state, but its infectious capacity diminishes significantly once it dries. If the blood you touched was still wet, there could be a risk, especially if you have a wound that could allow the virus to enter your bloodstream. However, the risk remains low compared to direct exposure to infected blood through methods like sharing needles.

3. Old Wounds and Pain: You mentioned having an old wound that was painful but not actively bleeding. If the wound is not actively bleeding, the risk of HIV transmission is significantly reduced. Pain or discomfort does not necessarily indicate that the wound is open to infection; however, any break in the skin can theoretically provide a pathway for the virus if it comes into contact with infected blood.
4. Indirect Transmission: HIV is not transmitted through indirect contact, such as touching surfaces or items that have been contaminated with blood. The virus requires direct access to the bloodstream, which typically occurs through sexual contact, sharing needles, or direct blood-to-blood contact. Therefore, while the presence of fresh blood does raise concerns, the likelihood of contracting HIV through the scenarios you described is very low.

In conclusion, while there is a theoretical risk of HIV transmission through contact with fresh blood, especially if you have an open wound, the actual risk in your situation appears to be minimal. If you are concerned about potential exposure, it is always advisable to consult with a healthcare professional. They can provide guidance on whether testing is necessary based on your specific circumstances and any potential exposure to HIV. Regular testing and awareness of your own health status, as well as that of your partners, are crucial in managing and mitigating the risks associated with HIV.

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