Pregnancy Test Results: Red Line and White Line Explained

One red line and one white line on the pregnancy test?

Hello doctor, my girlfriend's last menstrual period was from November 5 to November 9.
We had sexual intercourse on November 23, and the condom was intact and did not break.
Her period is expected around December 7, but it is now 7 days late.
I bought a pregnancy test today, and the test showed a red line on the control line (C) and a blank line on the test line (T).
Does this mean she is pregnant?

Wei, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2022/12/14

Dr. Zhang Kunmin reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Hello, the failure rate of contraception using condoms throughout the entire intercourse is over 5%, which is less reliable compared to other methods.
It is recommended to take another test or consult a gynecologist for evaluation.
Thank you! Wishing you safety and health.
Dr.
Chang

Reply Date: 2022/12/14

More Info

When interpreting pregnancy test results, it is essential to understand how these tests work and what the results indicate. Pregnancy tests typically detect the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a hormone produced shortly after a fertilized egg attaches to the uterine lining. The test usually consists of a control line (C) and a test line (T). A positive result is indicated by the presence of both lines, while a negative result shows only the control line.

In your case, you mentioned that the test showed a red line at the control area (C) and a white or absent line at the test area (T). This result typically indicates that the test is negative, meaning that you are likely not pregnant. However, there are a few nuances to consider.

1. Timing of the Test: You mentioned that your girlfriend's last menstrual period was from November 5 to November 9, and you had sexual intercourse on November 23. If her menstrual cycle is regular and she expects her period around December 7, testing too early could yield a false negative. If implantation has not occurred or if hCG levels are still low, the test may not detect pregnancy even if it is present.

2. Sensitivity of the Test: Different pregnancy tests have varying sensitivities to hCG. Some tests can detect lower levels of the hormone than others. If you used a less sensitive test, it might not show a positive result until a few days after a missed period.

3. Quality of the Test: Ensure that the test is not expired and that it was used according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Improper use can lead to inaccurate results.

4. Potential for Early Pregnancy Symptoms: If your girlfriend is experiencing symptoms commonly associated with early pregnancy, such as nausea, breast tenderness, or fatigue, it may be worth waiting a few days and retesting. If her period does not arrive within a week of the expected date, a follow-up test or a visit to a healthcare provider would be advisable.

5. Other Factors: Stress, hormonal imbalances, or changes in weight can also affect menstrual cycles and may cause a delay in menstruation without pregnancy.

In summary, based on the information provided, a red line in the control area and a white line in the test area suggests that your girlfriend is not pregnant. However, if there are any doubts or if her period does not arrive soon, it is prudent to retest in a few days or consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation. They may recommend a blood test, which can provide a more definitive answer regarding pregnancy status.

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