Can Unprotected Intercourse and Emergency Contraceptive Prevent Pregnancy?

Is there a possibility of pregnancy?

Hello doctor, I had intimate contact with my boyfriend on February 12 without using a condom and without ejaculation inside.
I took the emergency contraceptive pill three hours after the encounter.
I would like to ask if this could lead to a possibility of pregnancy.
Thank you for taking the time to respond.

Liang Xiaojie, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2023/02/15

Dr. Cao Guotao reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Hello, the chances of pregnancy should be low, but it's best to take preventive measures beforehand.
Wishing you good health.

Reply Date: 2023/02/15

More Info

When it comes to unprotected intercourse and the use of emergency contraception, understanding the effectiveness and timing is crucial in preventing unintended pregnancies. In your case, since you had unprotected intercourse on February 12 and took the emergency contraceptive pill (ECP) within three hours afterward, you have taken a significant step to reduce the risk of pregnancy.

Emergency contraceptive pills, such as Plan B (levonorgestrel) or Ella (ulipristal acetate), are designed to prevent ovulation or fertilization if taken shortly after unprotected intercourse. The sooner you take the ECP after the incident, the more effective it is. Research indicates that Plan B can reduce the risk of pregnancy by up to 89% if taken within 72 hours after unprotected sex, while Ella can be effective up to 120 hours after. Since you took the pill within three hours, you maximized its effectiveness.

It is important to note that ECPs are not 100% effective, and their efficacy can be influenced by various factors, including where you are in your menstrual cycle. If you were close to ovulation, the chances of the ECP being effective might be slightly lower, but taking it as soon as possible is always the best course of action.

Additionally, since you mentioned that there was no ejaculation during intercourse, this further reduces the likelihood of pregnancy, as pre-ejaculate fluid (pre-cum) can contain sperm, but the risk is significantly lower compared to full ejaculation.

After taking the emergency contraceptive, it is common to experience some side effects, such as changes in your menstrual cycle, nausea, or fatigue. Your next period may come earlier or later than expected, and it might be lighter or heavier than usual. If your period is more than a week late, it is advisable to take a pregnancy test to confirm whether or not you are pregnant.

In summary, based on the information you provided, the likelihood of pregnancy is low due to the prompt use of emergency contraception after unprotected intercourse. However, it is essential to monitor your menstrual cycle and consult with a healthcare provider if you have any concerns or if your period is significantly delayed. Additionally, consider discussing long-term contraceptive options with your healthcare provider to prevent similar situations in the future.

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