Is It Possible to Still Be HIV Infected After a Year?

Is it still possible to be infected with HIV?

A year ago, I had unprotected oral sex with a woman.
Afterward, I was worried about HIV infection, so I went to Cheng Kung University for a blood test at the tenth week.
During the follow-up appointment, the doctor said everything was normal, but since it was before the twelfth week, the doctor advised me to get tested again at the fourteenth or fifteenth week.
If that test was negative, it would confirm that I was fine.
After I had the blood test and returned for the follow-up, the doctor didn't mention anything specific.
When I asked if it was possible for my window period to be longer, the doctor casually replied that the current testing methods are very advanced and can detect HIV within three to four weeks, telling me not to worry.
However, in the past few days, I developed a hand rash, and when I researched, I found that HIV-positive individuals might experience this symptom.
Additionally, I recently noticed a swollen lymph node in my neck.
Should I be concerned? I have not had any sexual activity since that incident a year ago.
Some doctors here suggest testing again after six months to a year, but the doctor I saw keeps telling me not to worry.

Xuan, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2023/02/20

Dr. Hong Yuanbin reply Internal Medicine

Hello, based on your description, the chance of infection is indeed very low.
If you are still very concerned, you may consider getting retested.
Thank you for your question.

Reply Date: 2023/02/20

More Info

It's understandable to feel anxious about potential HIV exposure, especially after an incident that involved unprotected oral sex. Let's break down your concerns and clarify the situation regarding HIV testing and the implications of your symptoms.

First, regarding the window period for HIV testing: The window period is the time after potential exposure during which HIV may not be detectable in the body. For most modern HIV tests, including the fourth-generation tests that detect both HIV antibodies and antigens, the window period is typically around 18 to 45 days. By the time you reached the 10-week mark (approximately 70 days), you were well past the window period for most tests, and a negative result at that time is quite reassuring. Your doctor’s recommendation to retest at 14 or 15 weeks was a standard precaution, but it’s important to note that a negative result at this point would be very reliable.

Now, concerning your symptoms: the presence of a rash (such as a sweat rash) and swollen lymph nodes can be concerning, but these symptoms are not specific to HIV. Many conditions, including viral infections, allergies, and skin irritations, can cause similar symptoms. While swollen lymph nodes can be associated with HIV, they can also indicate a range of other health issues. If you have not engaged in any sexual activity since the incident a year ago and have tested negative for HIV after the appropriate window period, the likelihood of being HIV positive is extremely low.

It's also worth noting that if you had been infected with HIV, you would likely have experienced other symptoms as well, especially during the acute phase of the infection, which typically occurs within 2 to 4 weeks after exposure. Symptoms during this phase can include fever, sore throat, fatigue, and muscle aches, among others. Since you have not reported these symptoms, it further reduces the likelihood of an HIV infection.

Regarding your concern about whether you should still be tested after a year: If your previous tests were negative and you have not had any further risk exposure, there is generally no need for additional testing solely based on the symptoms you described. However, if you are experiencing persistent symptoms or if you are feeling particularly anxious, it would be wise to consult with a healthcare provider. They can perform a thorough examination and may recommend further testing if deemed necessary.

In summary, based on the information provided, it seems unlikely that you are HIV positive given your negative test results after the appropriate window period and the absence of high-risk behaviors since then. However, if you are experiencing new or concerning symptoms, it is always best to seek medical advice for peace of mind and appropriate care. Remember, maintaining open communication with your healthcare provider is key to addressing any health concerns you may have.

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