Can You Get Pregnant After Taking Emergency Contraceptive Pills?

Emergency contraceptive pill

I would like to ask if I had unprotected ejaculation for the first time and took emergency contraception afterwards, but then a few minutes later had unprotected ejaculation again without taking any more medication afterwards.
Could this lead to pregnancy?

H, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2023/02/28

Dr. Zhang Kunmin reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Hello, the effectiveness of emergency contraceptive pills is not 100%, with a failure rate of about 3%.
The effectiveness of emergency contraception varies depending on the time of administration after unprotected intercourse: taking it within 24 hours provides a 95% effectiveness, taking it between 24 to 48 hours offers 85% effectiveness, and taking it between 48 to 72 hours results in 58% effectiveness.
These percentages refer to the protective effect of delaying ovulation.
If you engage in unprotected intercourse after taking emergency contraception, it is advisable to take another dose.
Additionally, if your period is more than a week late, you should check for pregnancy.
Thank you! Wishing you safety and health.
Dr.
Zhang

Reply Date: 2023/02/28

More Info

Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs), often referred to as "morning-after pills," are designed to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure. They are most effective when taken as soon as possible after the incident, ideally within 72 hours, although some types can be effective up to 120 hours after intercourse. The primary mechanism of action for ECPs is to delay or inhibit ovulation, thereby preventing fertilization.

In your case, you mentioned that you had unprotected intercourse followed by the intake of an emergency contraceptive pill. However, shortly after, you had another instance of unprotected intercourse. The effectiveness of the ECP is contingent upon the timing of ovulation and the timing of the pill intake relative to the unprotected intercourse.

If you took the ECP soon after the first incident, it would still be effective against that encounter. However, the second instance of unprotected intercourse, occurring shortly after the ECP was taken, could potentially lead to pregnancy if it coincided with your ovulation period. If ovulation has already occurred or is imminent, the ECP may not be able to prevent fertilization from the second encounter.

It's important to note that ECPs are not intended to be used as a regular form of contraception and are less effective than regular contraceptive methods. If you find yourself in a situation where you are frequently relying on emergency contraception, it may be beneficial to explore more reliable, long-term contraceptive options.

If you are concerned about the possibility of pregnancy after these incidents, consider taking a home pregnancy test after the expected date of your next period. If you have any doubts or experience unusual symptoms, consulting with a healthcare provider is advisable. They can provide guidance tailored to your specific situation and discuss further options, including regular contraceptive methods.

In summary, while ECPs can significantly reduce the risk of pregnancy after unprotected intercourse, their effectiveness can be compromised by subsequent unprotected encounters. If you are worried about the possibility of pregnancy, monitoring your menstrual cycle and seeking medical advice would be prudent steps to take.

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