Side Effects of Taking Birth Control Pills: What to Expect

Side effects of partner taking oral contraceptives?

Hello, doctor.
I would like to consult you about issues related to emergency contraceptive pills.
My partner recently started taking Yaz, and after the first month, she has experienced symptoms such as headaches and a slight brown discharge from her private area, which resembles bleeding.
She has to use panty liners for this.
This issue also occurs after using the restroom.
Occasionally, she experiences diarrhea and abdominal pain.
Additionally, my partner is someone who drinks alcohol occasionally, but now she experiences headaches after drinking, so she cannot consume as much as before.

Mr. Wang, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2023/03/04

Dr. Hou Fangmin reply Pharmacology

Hello Mr.
Wang,
1.
The emergency contraceptive pill, Ella (Yuezi), may have varying side effects that do not affect everyone.
These can include headaches, heavy or irregular menstrual bleeding, nausea, vomiting, edema, increased cervical mucus, weight gain, skin itching, acne, fatigue, depression, flushing, feelings of weakness, breast tenderness, and increased risk of yeast infections.
2.
Contraceptive pills may enhance the effects of alcohol and reduce its metabolic rate.
While this does not affect the efficacy of the medication, I personally believe it is better to limit alcohol consumption while taking any medication.
3.
Additionally, grapefruit juice can increase the levels of estrogen or progesterone in the bloodstream.
Certain medications or herbal products that induce specific enzymes such as cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) may reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives or increase the risk of breakthrough bleeding.
Therefore, it is advisable to avoid grapefruit juice and unverified herbal products.
4.
Regarding your partner's symptoms of headache, diarrhea, and a small amount of brown discharge, I believe these may not necessarily be side effects.
It would be best for her to consult a gynecologist for an examination.
You can also discuss with the doctor whether any adjustments are needed due to her discomfort from taking Ella.
Finally, I wish you and your partner peace, joy, and good health.
Taichung Hospital cares about you.

Reply Date: 2023/03/04

More Info

When considering the side effects of taking birth control pills, it's important to understand that these medications can affect individuals differently. The symptoms your partner is experiencing, such as headaches, light spotting, gastrointestinal issues, and increased sensitivity to alcohol, are not uncommon and can be attributed to the hormonal changes induced by the contraceptive pills.

Common Side Effects of Birth Control Pills
1. Headaches: Many women report experiencing headaches or migraines when they start taking birth control pills. This can be due to the hormonal fluctuations caused by the estrogen and progestin in the pills. If the headaches are severe or persistent, it is advisable for your partner to consult with her healthcare provider.

2. Spotting or Breakthrough Bleeding: Light spotting, especially in the first few months of starting the pill, is quite common. This is often referred to as breakthrough bleeding and usually resolves as the body adjusts to the hormones. However, if the spotting continues or becomes heavier, it may be worth discussing with a doctor.

3. Gastrointestinal Issues: Some women may experience nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea when starting birth control pills. These symptoms can be temporary as the body adjusts. If diarrhea is persistent, it could affect the pill's efficacy, and she may need to consider alternative contraceptive methods or consult her healthcare provider.

4. Abdominal Pain: Mild cramping or discomfort can occur as the body adapts to the hormonal changes. However, if the pain is severe or accompanied by other symptoms such as heavy bleeding, it is crucial to seek medical attention.

5. Sensitivity to Alcohol: Hormonal contraceptives can sometimes alter how the body metabolizes alcohol, leading to increased sensitivity. If your partner is experiencing headaches after drinking, it may be a sign that she should limit her alcohol intake while on the pill.

When to Seek Medical Attention
While many side effects are mild and temporary, there are certain symptoms that warrant immediate medical attention:
- Severe headaches or migraines that are different from usual patterns.

- Heavy bleeding or severe abdominal pain.

- Signs of a possible blood clot, such as swelling, pain in the leg, or sudden shortness of breath.

- Any other unusual symptoms that cause concern.

Conclusion
It is essential for your partner to communicate openly with her healthcare provider about her experiences while on birth control pills. Adjustments to the type of pill or dosage may be necessary if side effects are bothersome or persistent. Additionally, understanding that it may take a few months for her body to fully adjust to the hormonal changes can help alleviate some concerns. Regular follow-ups can ensure that she is on the right contraceptive method that suits her health needs and lifestyle.

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