Aortic Atherosclerosis: Causes and Concerns for Young Adults

Atherosclerosis of the aorta

Hello, doctor.
I recently had a health check-up, which included a chest X-ray.
The report indicated that I have atherosclerosis.
However, my blood pressure, blood lipids, blood sugar, and both high-density and low-density cholesterol levels are all normal, including my fasting blood sugar.
In terms of diet, I may consume a bit too much sugar, but I take in very little oil and salt, eat a normal amount of fruits, and not much vegetables.
I avoid fatty meats and primarily eat chicken breast, and I also drink plenty of water daily.
What could be the reason for my atherosclerosis? I am currently 34 years old and had a health check-up a year and a half ago, at which time there were no signs of arterial hardening, so I am a bit anxious now! Is this situation serious? Should I seek medical attention? Thank you, doctor.

A-Hsien, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2023/03/24

Dr. He Dongjin reply Cardiology

Hello, observation may sometimes just be a descriptive term in the report and does not necessarily indicate a problem.
If you are concerned, I recommend visiting a cardiology outpatient clinic for further examination.
I believe everything should be fine.
Take care from Changhua Hospital.

Reply Date: 2023/03/24

More Info

Aortic atherosclerosis, particularly in young adults, can be a concerning diagnosis, especially when it appears unexpectedly during routine health screenings. Your recent chest X-ray indicating aortic atherosclerosis, despite having normal blood pressure, lipid levels, and blood glucose, raises several important points for consideration.

Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the buildup of plaques—composed of fat, cholesterol, and other substances—within the arterial walls. This process can lead to narrowing and hardening of the arteries, which may eventually result in cardiovascular diseases. While it is often associated with traditional risk factors such as high cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and obesity, it can also occur in individuals without these risk factors, particularly due to genetic predispositions or lifestyle factors that may not be immediately apparent.

In your case, the absence of traditional risk factors is noteworthy. However, there are several potential contributors to atherosclerosis that you might consider:
1. Genetics: Family history plays a significant role in cardiovascular health. If you have relatives with heart disease or atherosclerosis, your risk may be higher, regardless of your current health metrics.

2. Dietary Factors: While you mention a relatively healthy diet, the intake of sugars and processed foods can still contribute to inflammation and atherosclerosis. Additionally, the quality of fats consumed is crucial; replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats can be beneficial.

3. Physical Activity: Regular exercise is vital for cardiovascular health. If your activity level has fluctuated, this could impact your vascular health. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity each week.

4. Stress and Inflammation: Chronic stress and inflammation can contribute to vascular damage. Managing stress through mindfulness, exercise, or therapy can be beneficial.

5. Undiagnosed Conditions: Conditions such as metabolic syndrome, autoimmune diseases, or even undetected infections can contribute to vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis.

Given your age and the recent finding of aortic atherosclerosis, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider, preferably a cardiologist or a vascular specialist. They may recommend further diagnostic tests, such as an echocardiogram, CT angiography, or blood tests to assess inflammatory markers and lipid profiles more comprehensively.

In terms of severity, atherosclerosis can vary widely in its implications. If it is mild and asymptomatic, it may not require immediate intervention, but it does warrant monitoring and lifestyle modifications. Your healthcare provider can help you establish a plan that may include dietary changes, increased physical activity, and possibly medications to manage any underlying issues.

In summary, while the diagnosis of aortic atherosclerosis at a relatively young age can be alarming, it is essential to approach it with a comprehensive understanding of potential causes and a proactive attitude towards your health. Regular follow-ups and lifestyle adjustments can significantly mitigate risks and improve overall cardiovascular health.

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