Emergency Contraception and Yeast Infections: What You Need to Know

Emergency contraceptive pills, fungal infection?

Hello, doctor.
My last menstrual period started around March 12 and ended on March 15 (my periods usually last about 3 to 4 days).
On March 18, I had unprotected intercourse without ejaculation, and I took emergency contraception within 12 hours.
On March 20, I had protected intercourse with a condom, and there was no ejaculation.
On March 24, I suddenly experienced bleeding similar to my menstrual period, with the amount of blood on the pad being comparable to my usual menstrual flow (on the heavier side), and it lasted for about four days with consistent volume.
I'm wondering if this could be implantation bleeding or if it is a side effect of the emergency contraception causing a disruption in my menstrual cycle, leading to an earlier period.
After the bleeding on March 24, I noticed some cottage cheese-like discharge and experienced itching in the genital area.
I read online that the likelihood of infection increases with pregnancy, and I'm unsure if this is due to a yeast infection caused by pregnancy or if it could be due to another reason.
When can I expect my next period? I would appreciate your diagnosis.
Thank you.

Lin, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2023/04/04

Dr. Lin Manying reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Hello Lin,
1.
The bleeding on March 24 may be a reaction to the emergency contraceptive pill, but it is recommended to take a pregnancy test 14 days after March 18.

2.
It could be a Candida infection, but please do not associate a Candida infection with pregnancy; please take a pregnancy test first.

3.
Menstruation may not necessarily arrive on April 12; please take a pregnancy test.

The Ministry of Health and Welfare Hualien Hospital cares about your health.

Reply Date: 2023/04/04

More Info

Emergency contraception (EC) is a crucial option for individuals who wish to prevent unintended pregnancies after unprotected intercourse. Understanding its effects, especially in relation to yeast infections, is essential for informed decision-making.

In your case, you had unprotected intercourse on March 18 and took emergency contraception within 12 hours. This is a timely response, as EC is most effective when taken as soon as possible after unprotected sex. The bleeding you experienced starting on March 24 could be attributed to a few factors.
Firstly, emergency contraception can cause changes in your menstrual cycle. It may lead to earlier or later periods, and the bleeding you experienced could be a side effect of the hormone levels in the EC. This bleeding is often referred to as "withdrawal bleeding," which can resemble a menstrual period. Since you mentioned that the bleeding lasted about four days and was similar in volume to your regular menstrual flow, it is plausible that this is a response to the emergency contraception rather than an indication of pregnancy.

Regarding the presence of cottage cheese-like discharge and itching, these symptoms are characteristic of a yeast infection, which is caused by an overgrowth of Candida, a type of fungus. Hormonal changes, such as those induced by emergency contraception, can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria and yeast in the vagina, potentially leading to a yeast infection. It is important to note that while hormonal fluctuations can increase the risk of yeast infections, they are not directly caused by pregnancy.
If you suspect a yeast infection, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider for appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Over-the-counter antifungal treatments are available, but a healthcare professional can provide guidance tailored to your specific situation.

As for your next menstrual cycle, it may be difficult to predict precisely when it will occur due to the hormonal changes from the emergency contraception. Typically, your period should return to its regular schedule within a month or so, but it may take a cycle or two for your body to adjust. If your period is significantly delayed (more than a week), it would be prudent to take a pregnancy test to rule out pregnancy.

In summary, the bleeding you experienced after taking emergency contraception is likely a side effect of the medication rather than a sign of pregnancy. The symptoms of itching and discharge suggest a yeast infection, which can occur due to hormonal changes. It is essential to seek medical advice for proper diagnosis and treatment. Always remember that while emergency contraception is effective, it is not intended for regular use and does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Regular check-ups and discussions with a healthcare provider about contraceptive options can help you make informed choices about your sexual health.

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