Risks and Success Rates of Orthokeratology for Myopia - Ophthalmology

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Orthokeratology (Ortho-K) is a non-surgical method of reshaping the cornea to temporarily correct myopia (nearsightedness) and astigmatism. This technique involves wearing specially designed gas-permeable contact lenses overnight, which gently reshape the cornea while you sleep. Upon waking, patients can enjoy clear vision throughout the day without the need for glasses or contact lenses.

Risks of Orthokeratology
While Ortho-K is generally considered safe, there are some potential risks and complications associated with the procedure:
1. Corneal Hypoxia: Wearing contact lenses overnight can reduce oxygen supply to the cornea, potentially leading to corneal swelling or other complications.

2. Infection: As with any contact lens use, there is a risk of eye infections, particularly if proper hygiene is not maintained.

3. Corneal Abrasions: Improper lens fitting or handling can lead to scratches on the cornea, which can be painful and may lead to further complications.

4. Visual Disturbances: Some patients may experience glare, halos, or other visual disturbances, especially at night.

5. Temporary Results: The effects of Ortho-K are temporary, and if lenses are not worn regularly, the cornea will gradually return to its original shape, leading to a return of myopia.

6. Not Suitable for Everyone: Certain eye conditions or irregularities may make someone a poor candidate for Ortho-K.


Success Rates of Orthokeratology
The success rates of Ortho-K can vary based on several factors, including the degree of myopia, the age of the patient, and adherence to the prescribed wearing schedule. Studies have shown that Ortho-K can effectively reduce myopia progression in children and adolescents, making it a popular choice for parents looking to manage their children's vision.
1. Effectiveness: Many patients achieve 20/25 vision or better after a few nights of wearing the lenses. However, individual results can vary.

2. Myopia Control: Research indicates that Ortho-K can slow the progression of myopia in children by about 30-70%, depending on the individual’s specific circumstances.

3. Long-term Efficacy: While the immediate effects are reversible, long-term studies suggest that consistent use can maintain vision correction and potentially slow the progression of myopia over time.


Alternative Treatments for Myopia
If you are considering alternatives to Ortho-K for managing your myopia, several options are available:
1. Eyeglasses and Contact Lenses: The most common and straightforward method for correcting myopia. Regular check-ups with an eye care professional can help ensure your prescription is up to date.

2. Refractive Surgery: Procedures like LASIK or PRK reshape the cornea permanently to correct vision. These options are typically considered for adults whose prescriptions have stabilized.

3. Atropine Eye Drops: Low-dose atropine drops have been shown to slow the progression of myopia in children.

4. Orthoptic Exercises: Some believe that eye exercises can help improve vision, although scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness is limited.

5. Lifestyle Changes: Increasing outdoor time and reducing prolonged near work (like reading or screen time) can help manage myopia progression, particularly in children.


Conclusion
Orthokeratology presents a viable option for managing myopia, especially for those who prefer a non-surgical approach. However, it is essential to weigh the risks and benefits and consult with an eye care professional who can provide personalized advice based on your specific situation. If you are experiencing increasing myopia, discussing all available treatment options, including Ortho-K, with your eye doctor will help you make an informed decision that best suits your lifestyle and vision needs.