Emergency Contraceptive Pills: Side Effects vs. Pregnancy Risks

Q: Emergency Contraceptive Pills: Side Effects vs. Pregnancy Risks

Hello Ms. <br>Tsai： Based on the timing of your menstrual cycle, the likelihood of pregnancy is low. <br>Breast tenderness may be a side effect of the medication. <br>If your next period is due and has not arrived, consider taking a pregnancy test.

Emergency contraceptive pill

On May 8, there was sexual intercourse (with a condom).
On May 12, menstruation started.
On May 16, the first dose of emergency contraception was taken, and after four days, breast tenderness began.
Is this a side effect of the medication, or is there a possibility of pregnancy?

Ms. Tsai, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2023/05/20

Dr. Lin Xinwang reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Hello Ms.
Tsai: Based on the timing of your menstrual cycle, the likelihood of pregnancy is low.
Breast tenderness may be a side effect of the medication.
If your next period is due and has not arrived, consider taking a pregnancy test.

Reply Date: 2023/05/20

More Info

Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) are designed to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure. They are most effective when taken as soon as possible after the event, ideally within 72 hours, but some types can be taken up to five days after. The primary mechanism of action for ECPs is to delay or inhibit ovulation, thereby preventing fertilization.

In your case, you had sexual intercourse on May 8th, and your menstrual period started on May 12th. This indicates that you likely were not pregnant at the time you took the emergency contraceptive pills starting on May 16th. The onset of your menstrual cycle suggests that ovulation had already occurred, and the egg was not fertilized, which is a good sign that you are not pregnant.

As for the side effects you are experiencing, breast tenderness or swelling is a common side effect of ECPs. Other potential side effects include nausea, fatigue, headache, dizziness, and changes in your menstrual cycle, such as spotting or heavier bleeding. These side effects are usually temporary and should resolve within a few days after stopping the medication.

It's important to note that while ECPs are effective at preventing pregnancy, they are not 100% guaranteed. If you have taken the pills correctly and your period arrives as expected, the likelihood of pregnancy is very low. However, if your period is significantly delayed (more than a week), or if you experience severe abdominal pain, it would be wise to take a pregnancy test or consult with a healthcare provider for further evaluation.

In summary, based on the timeline you provided, it seems unlikely that you are pregnant, and the breast tenderness you are experiencing is likely a side effect of the emergency contraceptive pills. If you have any further concerns or if your symptoms persist, it would be advisable to speak with your healthcare provider for personalized advice and reassurance.

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