Tetanus and Bacterial Infections: Risks and Vaccination

Tetanus or bacterial infection

Hello Doctor: I often have skin breaks near my fingernails, and sometimes I accidentally tear them off, leaving a small red mark that hurts.
It also hurts when I apply alcohol to it.
However, I frequently encounter this while doing housework.
I read that tetanus bacteria can be found in human feces; is this true? If I have such a wound on my finger and come into contact with toilet paper contaminated with feces while taking out the trash, could I get tetanus? Is it necessary to get a booster vaccine for this? Thank you, Doctor! Wishing you all the best!

Julia, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2023/05/22

Dr. Li Zhonghuai reply Surgery

Hello! It exists in the "gastrointestinal tract of mammals" and "soil." Elderly individuals, diabetics, and drug addicts are more susceptible to infection, although cases are rare.
Generally, infections are more likely to occur when there are injuries contaminated with soil or when handling contaminated items.
There is no need for booster vaccinations.
Take care! Changhua Hospital cares about you!

Reply Date: 2023/05/22

More Info

Tetanus is a serious bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which is commonly found in soil, dust, and animal feces. The bacteria produce a toxin that affects the nervous system, leading to muscle stiffness and spasms, particularly in the jaw (often referred to as "lockjaw"). Understanding the risks associated with tetanus and the importance of vaccination is crucial for maintaining health, especially for individuals who may be at risk due to minor injuries or wounds.

Regarding your concerns about the presence of tetanus bacteria in human feces, it is indeed true that Clostridium tetani can be found in fecal matter. However, the primary concern for tetanus infection arises from wounds that are deep, contaminated, or caused by objects that may have been exposed to soil or feces, such as nails or sharp tools. Superficial wounds, like the ones you described around your fingernails, are generally less of a concern unless they become infected or are exposed to contaminated materials.

If you have a minor cut or abrasion on your finger and come into contact with fecal matter, the risk of tetanus infection is relatively low, especially if the wound is clean and not deep. However, it is essential to keep any wound clean and properly cared for to prevent infection. If you notice increased redness, swelling, or pus, or if the pain worsens, you should seek medical attention.

As for vaccination, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that adults receive a tetanus booster shot every ten years. If you sustain a dirty or contaminated wound, a booster may be recommended if it has been more than five years since your last shot. Given your situation, if you have not had a tetanus booster in the last ten years, it may be wise to consult with a healthcare provider about getting vaccinated, especially if you frequently encounter situations that could lead to cuts or abrasions.

In summary, while the risk of tetanus from minor injuries around your fingernails is low, it is essential to maintain good wound care practices and stay up to date with vaccinations. If you have any doubts or if your wounds become problematic, do not hesitate to seek medical advice. Regularly monitoring your vaccination status and understanding the risks associated with bacterial infections like tetanus can help you stay healthy and prevent serious complications.

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