Pregnancy Chances After Unprotected and Protected Intercourse

Pregnancy probability

Hello doctor, my last menstrual periods were on March 3, March 30, and April 29.
Then on May 29, which is the day before my expected period, I had sexual intercourse.
At first, there was penetration without a condom, but later we used a condom, and it did not break.
Now my period has not arrived yet, and I am experiencing breast tenderness and a feeling of heaviness in my lower abdomen.
What is the likelihood of pregnancy?

Lin, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2023/06/06

Dr. Huang Yuande reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

It is recommended to take a pregnancy test directly.
Although the chances are low, it is important to use condoms throughout the entire intercourse for safety, as there may be a small amount of sperm released before ejaculation.

Reply Date: 2023/06/06

More Info

When assessing the chances of pregnancy after both unprotected and protected intercourse, it's essential to consider several factors, including the timing of intercourse in relation to the menstrual cycle, the use of contraception, and any symptoms that may arise afterward.

From your description, your last menstrual period started on March 3, and you had sexual intercourse on May 29, which is just before your expected period. Given that your menstrual cycle typically ranges from 30 to 31 days, you are likely approaching your expected period. The timing of your sexual activity is crucial because it can influence the likelihood of conception.

1. Timing of Intercourse: The days leading up to ovulation are the most fertile. If you had intercourse just before your expected period, it is less likely that you would conceive, especially if you used protection afterward. Sperm can live in the female reproductive tract for up to five days, but if you had unprotected intercourse only briefly and then used a condom for the remainder of the encounter, the risk of pregnancy is significantly reduced.

2. Use of Condoms: You mentioned that the condom did not break during intercourse. Condoms are a reliable form of contraception when used correctly. If there was no breakage or slippage, the chances of sperm entering the vagina are minimal. However, it’s important to note that even with condom use, there is a small failure rate (approximately 2% with perfect use and about 18% with typical use).

3. Symptoms: You mentioned experiencing breast tenderness and lower abdominal discomfort. These symptoms can be associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) rather than pregnancy. Many women experience similar symptoms in the days leading up to their period due to hormonal changes. However, if your period does not arrive as expected, it would be advisable to take a pregnancy test for confirmation.

4. Pregnancy Testing: If your period is delayed by a week or more, taking a home pregnancy test can provide clarity. These tests are designed to detect the hormone hCG, which is produced after a fertilized egg implants in the uterus. Testing too early may yield a false negative, so waiting until after your expected period is recommended for the most accurate result.

5. Conclusion: Based on the information provided, the likelihood of pregnancy seems low, especially considering the use of a condom and the timing of your sexual activity. However, if you continue to experience symptoms or if your period does not arrive, it would be wise to consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation and possibly a pregnancy test.

In summary, while the risk of pregnancy exists with any sexual activity, the combination of using condoms and the timing of your intercourse suggests that your chances of conceiving are minimal. Monitoring your symptoms and menstrual cycle will provide additional insights, and if in doubt, seeking medical advice is always a prudent step.

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