Can Young Women with Family History of Breast Cancer Use Emergency Contraceptives?

Emergency contraceptive pill

If there is a family history of breast cancer, can I take oral contraceptives at the age of 19? (Currently, I am using the oral contraceptive "Yaz.") Is there an age limit for taking them? Will it increase the risk of breast cancer?

Jiang Xiaojie, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2023/06/19

Dr. Chen Zhiyu reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Hello, it is advisable to consult with a gynecologist for an evaluation before taking contraceptive pills.
Thank you.

Reply Date: 2023/06/19

More Info

When it comes to the use of emergency contraceptives (EC) by young women, particularly those with a family history of breast cancer, there are several important factors to consider. First and foremost, it's essential to understand that the current body of research does not definitively link the use of hormonal contraceptives, including emergency contraceptives, to an increased risk of breast cancer. This is particularly relevant for young women, as the majority of studies have focused on older populations or those with pre-existing risk factors.

Emergency contraceptives, such as the one you mentioned (likely a levonorgestrel-based pill or ulipristal acetate), work primarily by delaying ovulation and preventing fertilization. They do not have the same long-term hormonal exposure as regular oral contraceptives, which are taken daily. The hormonal doses in emergency contraceptives are typically higher than those in regular birth control pills, but they are taken only once or twice in a short period, which reduces the overall exposure to hormones.

For young women with a family history of breast cancer, it is crucial to engage in a thorough discussion with a healthcare provider. Family history is a significant risk factor for breast cancer, particularly if there are known genetic mutations such as BRCA1 or BRCA2 in the family. However, the presence of a family history does not automatically preclude the use of emergency contraceptives. Instead, it should prompt a more personalized assessment of risks and benefits.

Regarding age restrictions, there are generally no specific age limits for using emergency contraceptives. They are available over-the-counter in many places for individuals of all ages. However, it is always advisable for young women to consult with a healthcare provider to discuss their individual health history, any concerns about breast cancer, and the appropriateness of using emergency contraception.

In terms of breast cancer risk, while hormonal contraceptives can have various effects on breast tissue, the evidence linking them to increased breast cancer risk is not conclusive, especially for short-term use like emergency contraception. Regular screenings and awareness of breast health are essential, particularly for those with a family history of breast cancer. Young women should be encouraged to perform self-examinations and discuss any changes with their healthcare provider.

In summary, as a 19-year-old with a family history of breast cancer, you can use emergency contraceptives, but it is crucial to have a conversation with your healthcare provider to ensure that you are making an informed decision based on your personal health history and family background. Regular check-ups and screenings are also vital in monitoring breast health, especially for those with a family history of breast cancer.

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