Swallowing Difficulties After COVID-19: When to Seek Medical Help

Swallowing difficulties

Hello doctor, after being diagnosed with COVID-19, I have been experiencing increasing difficulty swallowing food.
By the fourth day, I was unable to swallow solid food.
I initially thought this was due to throat ulcers, but today (the eighth day) I still cannot swallow solids even when practicing.
Feeling frustrated, I lay down on my bed, and surprisingly, the food slid down into my esophagus on its own.
After several attempts, I noticed that there seems to be something obstructing the pathway from my mouth to my esophagus, and I have to lie down to allow the food to bypass this obstruction in order to swallow.
I don't understand why this is happening.
Should I go to the hospital for an examination, or will it resolve itself with some rest?

Mr. Lin, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2023/06/20

Dr. Zheng Jueyi reply Otolaryngology

It is recommended to visit an otolaryngologist and a gastroenterologist for examination.

Reply Date: 2023/06/20

More Info

Swallowing difficulties, or dysphagia, can be a concerning symptom, especially following a COVID-19 infection. It’s important to understand that COVID-19 can affect various systems in the body, including the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. The experience you describe, where solid food becomes increasingly difficult to swallow, could be attributed to several factors related to your recent illness.

Firstly, COVID-19 can lead to inflammation in the throat and esophagus, which may cause pain or a sensation of obstruction when swallowing. This inflammation can be a result of the viral infection itself, or it could be exacerbated by other factors such as dehydration, which is common during illness. Additionally, some individuals report experiencing changes in taste and smell, which can also affect appetite and swallowing reflexes.

The fact that you are experiencing a sensation of something obstructing your throat, and that you find it easier to swallow when lying down, is particularly concerning. This could indicate a few potential issues, such as:
1. Esophageal Motility Disorders: COVID-19 may affect the nerves that control swallowing, leading to motility issues where the esophagus does not function properly to push food down.

2. Inflammation or Swelling: If there is significant swelling in the throat or esophagus, it could physically obstruct the passage of food.

3. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): COVID-19 can exacerbate GERD symptoms, leading to increased acid reflux, which can cause discomfort and swallowing difficulties.

4. Psychological Factors: The stress and anxiety associated with being ill can also contribute to swallowing difficulties. Sometimes, anxiety can lead to muscle tension in the throat, making swallowing feel more difficult.

Given that you have been unable to swallow solid food for several days and are experiencing a sensation of obstruction, it is advisable to seek medical attention. Here are some reasons why you should consider going to the hospital or at least consulting a healthcare provider:
- Assessment of Symptoms: A healthcare professional can perform a thorough examination, including a physical exam and possibly imaging studies or endoscopy, to determine the cause of your swallowing difficulties.

- Nutritional Support: If you are unable to swallow solid foods, it is crucial to ensure you are receiving adequate nutrition. A healthcare provider can recommend dietary modifications or alternative feeding methods if necessary.

- Rule Out Serious Conditions: While many cases of dysphagia can be benign, it is essential to rule out any serious conditions, such as strictures or infections that may require immediate treatment.

- Management of Symptoms: A doctor can provide medications to reduce inflammation, manage pain, or treat any underlying conditions contributing to your swallowing difficulties.

In summary, while some swallowing difficulties may resolve with time and rest, your symptoms warrant a medical evaluation to ensure there are no serious underlying issues. It’s always better to err on the side of caution, especially when it comes to symptoms that affect your ability to eat and drink. Please consider reaching out to your healthcare provider as soon as possible for a comprehensive assessment and appropriate management.

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